F. SVYASA Dissertations
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Yoga Dissertations by Yoga Students at SVYASA. These pages present some efforts of SVYASA at Scientific Validation of Yoga, combining the best of the East with the best of the West
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Item To Study The Safety and Usefulness of Adding Laghu Sankhapraksalana to The Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy in Patients with Essential Hypertension(S-VYASA, 2014-08-19) Mashyal, PrakashTo study the safety and usefulness of adding laghu Sankhapraksalana to the integrated approach of yoga therapy in patients with essential hypertension. Background: There are several studies that have documented the usefulness of different types of yoga practices (pranayamas, shavasana and meditations) in the management of mild and moderate hypertension. Our pilot studies and clinical observations on patients who are admitted to the residential and/or out-patient centers of SVYSA also had shown beneficial effects of integrated approach to yogatherapy (IAYT). Yoga and ayurveda texts emphasize the role of clearing the bowel as a very important component in the management of hypertension. For this, they recommend a yoga technique called shankhaprakshalana. In our clinical pilot studies at the center we tried to incorporate this to see the add-on effects. But this was not acceptable either to the clinicians or the patients because of the effort involved in the practice. Hence the laghu sankhapraksalana kriya evolved and recommended by Bihar School of Yoga was tried with encouraging results. Also, ayurveda recommends the use of a mild herbal laxative for clearing the bowel. Hence the present well planned self as control pilot study was undertaken.Item Nadi Tarangini Pulse Patterns in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(S-VYASA, 2014-08-27) Pooja MoreBackground: Ayurveda is defined as the “Science of Life”. Medicine is one of the important sub-parts of Ayurveda. Roga and Rogi parikṣa was given the utmost importance, and in it Naḍi parikṣa (pulse based diagnosis) is considered as the foremost examination method in aṣṭavidha rogi parikṣa for assessing the healthy state, diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study is to differentiate the pulse waveforms in Non Diabetes, Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, individuals using Naḍi Tarangini Instrument. Objective is to study the pulse wave forms in diabetics, pre-diabetics and non diabetics and to compare the doṣa predominance in them according to āyurvedic concept of naḍi parikṣa. Methodolgy and Design: All the volunteers (individuals/ patients) from the Stop Diabetes Camp (SDM) in Rajkot, Udaipur and Chittorgarh 2013. (n=376) age ranging between 30-70yrs were screened using American Diabetes Association (ADA) diabetes risk test. Along with medical information their pulse waveforms were recorded using Nāḍī Tarangini and subsequently analyzed for pattern recognition. Results: Data analysis showed vāta predominant signals in 309 subjects. All the pulse signals are first provided as input to the feature extraction methods of Fourier transform, wavelet transform and auto-regressive modeling. The resulting features are used in the random forest classifier. The random forest classifier is implemented in Weka with parameters as 'unlimited' number of trees and depth of 10.Out of the whole dataset, approximated two third of the randomly chosen data was used as a training set and remaining one third of the data was used as a testing set. And the classification was performed for three sets Non Diabetes (ND), Pre Diabetes (PD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The 10-fold cross validation accuracy of the classification process is 86.84%. The precision and recall numbers were got during the classification, which showed high precision in T2DM with 95.24%, indicating that the classification process returned substantially more relevant results than irrelevant. It’s very important in the detection and diagnosis of diabetes. Conclusion: The high precision percentage in diabetes group revealed vāta doṣa predominace in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus during the Nāḍī parikṣā using Nāḍī Tarangini instrument. Thus this instrument can be a reliable diagnostic tool. Further studies are warranted in this regard.Item Development and Validation of Yoga Module for Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(S-VYASA, 2014-07-27) Kumar, VinodIntroduction: Yoga modules described by earlier authors have provided their own rationale behind the choice of yoga asanas/program. However, there is no mention whether these modules have been endorsed by other specialists in the field than the researcher themselves. Also, there are very few studies which discuss the development and validation of a yoga module. Hence the aim of this study was to develop and validate a yoga module for patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Methodology: 71 research papers from Pubmed and Google Scholar; and 54 books related to yoga were reviewed for development of the yoga module for diabetes. This was done by using the Inductive method of inquiry of qualitative research and the quantitative content validity Ratio (CVR). Further validation of module was done with help of 18 experts over three rounds of iteration. Results: Camp, Implementation process of yoga module, Prayer or bhajana, Yoga module 1, Yoga module 2, Yoga module 3, Relaxation techniques, Meditation techniques, Jïäna yoga, Special considerations and Miscellaneous were the themes that were elicited from the qualitative content analysis. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) with minimum 0.49 value decided the practices that were to be retained in the module and the practices that were to be removed. The outcome was the development of a 3 step yoga module (based on increasing difficulty) – each step lasting for a period of 3 months of duration inclusive of daily practice for one hour each in morning and evening. Conclusions: The 3 step yoga module for diabetes was developed and validated using a scientific methodology and can be used by researchers in the future for development of yoga modules for other disorders. Next step in the process would be feasibility testing of this module so that it can be implemented in a large scale in the community for service as well as further research.Item Effect of Trataka on Cognitive Functions in the Elderly(S-VYASA, 2014-08-27) Talwadkar, ShubhadaBackground: Trataka, a type of yoga practice is considered to improve cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to test the effect of trataka on cognitive functions of elderly. Methods: 60 healthy elderly subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were administered MMSE and those scoring 26 and above were selected for the study and randomly divided using randomized block design into 2 groups- Trataka and wait list control group. Trataka was given for a period of 1 month (26 days). The subjects in both groups were assessed on Day 1(pre and post intervention in trataka group and after quite sitting in control group), Day 30 on digit span test, Six letter cancellation test (SLCT), and Trail making test B (TMT B). Results: Friedman‟s Test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test showed that, at the 2nd follow up, there was significant improvement in digit span scores (z=-3.35, p< 0.01) in the trataka group. SLCT scores (t =5.08, p<0.01) and TMT B scores (t= -4.26, p< 0.01) improved immediately after the practice of Trataka (when baseline compared to 1st follow up). At 1 month follow-up, Trataka group showed significantly better performance in the SLCT test compared to baseline (t= -3.93, p< 0.01) and TMT B scores (t=7.09, p< 0.01). RMANOVA results also reiterated that there was significant interaction effect at the end of one month of trataka intervention as compared to control group on TMT-B and SLCT scores. Conclusion: The results of this study establish that Trataka can be used as a technique to enhance cognition in the elderly.Item First Direct Experimental Evidence Correlating Ayurveda based Tridosha Prakriti with Body Mass Composition and Western Constitutional Psychology Somatotypes(S-VYASA, 2014-08-27) Metri, G. KashinathMetri, G. Kashinath G Introduction: Ayurveda is one of the most ancient systems of medical health care. The basic principles, diagnosis of the diseases and their treatment is on the basis of individual prakriti (birth constitutional type). Ayurveda further classifies the prakriti of an individual on the basis of a set of psychosomatic attributes of personality, depending on whether this individual belongs to Vata, Pitta, or Kapha prakriti, or any combination of them. The appropriate prakriti assessment is done by several means including questionnaires. We aimed to obtain experimental evidence correlating Äyurvedä based tridosha-prakriti with western constitutional psychology somatotypes. Methods: We employed Tridosha-prakriti questionnaire, and compared its results with a set of body composition parameters: Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, fat mass and fat percentage in 190 normal healthy volunteers of both sexes with age ranging between 18 to 40 years old. Two-tailed Pearson’s correlations were used to match the extreme prakriti types with the western constitutional psychology somatotypes, through the mentioned body composition measures. Results/Discussion: Significant negative correlations were observed between the percentage of Vāta attributes as per the questionnaire in the individuals and fat mass (p<.000), fat % (p<.000), BMI (p<.000), BMR (p< .018) and also with their body weight (p<.006). Significant positive correlation was found with height (p<.020) and BMI .(p<029) Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of Pitta attributes with height (p<.043), body weight (p<.000), BMI (p<.000), BMR (p<.047) and muscle mass (p<.000) respectively. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed between the percentage of Kapha attributes with fat mass (p<.000), weight (p<.041) and fat percentage (p<.000), BMI (p<.010), along with a negative correlation with height (p<.018). Conclusion: This study provides evidence linking the ancient science of Äyurvedä to modern constitutional psychology. In this way, a concept such as prakriti is suggested to lie behind the body mass composition of an individual, and deserves attention within the scientific community.Item Prevention and Effective Management of type 2 Diabetes in India - A Protocol of Community Based Yogic Lifestyle Intervention(S-VYASA, 2014-08-27) Amit Ramdev Rathi, BamsBackground: India has the second largest number (>61 million) of people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which is expected to double by 2030. Lifestyle interventions such as yoga are found to be safe and cost-effective for T2DM. The major challenge is to translate yoga intervention into prevention programs at the national level which would reach every individual in the community. In this context, the researchers of this paper developed a community based yoga protocol for detection, prevention and effective management of T2DM in India. Methods/Design: Review of protocols in T2DM and multiple rounds of discussion with 6 experts (epidemiologist, medical physician, yoga expert, researchers and field survey analyst) helped develop the current ‘Stop Diabetes Movement (SDM)’ protocol. Results: The main protocol was divided in two protocols viz. clinical and research protocol, each containing sub-protocols. Clinical protocol included a sub-protocol on testing the effectiveness of the yogic lifestyle intervention in people at risk of T2DM or diagnosed with prediabetics/ T2DM using pre-post experimental design with long term follow up. It included another sub-protocol on training of trainers who would teach the yoga intervention in the local community. The research protocol was divided into three phases. Phase1 included 5 subprotocols on epidemiological survey of prevalence of T2DM and pre-diabetes in different localities in India. Phase 2 included sub-protocol on intervention study using matched control design with long term follow up and a sub-protocol on training of the trainers same as in clinical protocol. Phase 3 included re-assessing the prevalence of T2DM post provision of yoga modulein different localities in India (using the same sub-protocols as Phase 1). Conclusion: The SDM protocol is logically- scientifically designed and methodologically sound. The effective implementation of this protocol in the community in India could help in the ultimate goal of prevention and effective management of T2DM in India.