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Recent Submissions
EFFECT OF OM CHANTING AND MINDFUL BREATHING ON ATTENTION SPAN AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION IN SCHOOL CHILDREN
(S-VYASA, 2026) Tejas P.; Agasthiyan Anbarasan; Titty George
BACKGROUND:
The capacity for sustained attention and effective emotional self-regulation represents two
foundational pillars of children's academic success and socio-emotional adjustment. Children who
demonstrate age-appropriate mastery of these competencies tend to achieve better scholastic
outcomes, form healthier peer relationships, and exhibit fewer behavioral difficulties in classroom
settings. Mindfulness-informed practices such as OM chanting and structured breathing exercises
have attracted growing research interest as accessible, non-pharmacological strategies for
cultivating these capacities. OM chanting, which originates in the classical yogic tradition of India,
exerts a calming influence on the autonomic nervous system and has been shown to modulate the
neurobiological circuits implicated in both attentional control and emotional processing.
Structured mindful breathing similarly promotes self-regulation by directing conscious awareness
to respiratory rhythms. Despite accumulating evidence from studies involving older learners and
adults, empirical research targeting the specific developmental window of early childhood (ages
6–8 years) remains limited.
Materials and Methods:
The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design with cluster non-
randomized allocation. A total of 60 school-aged children (6–8 years) were recruited from schools
in and around Bengaluru, India, and assigned equally to three groups (n = 20 per group): Group A
(OM chanting), Group B (mindful breathing), and Group C (wait-list control). Participants in
intervention groups engaged in their respective practices for ten minutes per day across five days
per week over an eight-week period, conducted under trained supervision during school hours. The
control group continued its regular classroom schedule without structured mindfulness activities.
Attention span was evaluated using the Letter Cancellation Test (LCT), and emotional regulation
was rated by class teachers using the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Data were collected at
baseline (pre-test) and at the conclusion of the intervention period (post-test). Statistical analysis
included the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality, paired-samples t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for within-group comparisons, and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests
for between-group comparisons, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results:
Both intervention groups exhibited statistically significant within-group improvements in
emotional regulation, as reflected by higher ER subscale scores and markedly lower
Lability/Negativity (LN) scores following the intervention. Group A demonstrated a mean ER
increase from 26.20 ± 2.21 to 31.75 ± 3.75 (p < 0.001) and a mean LN reduction from 22.35 ±
3.99 to 13.65 ± 1.23 (p < 0.001). Group B showed an ER increase from 23.75 ± 1.45 to 29.10 ±
3.37 (p < 0.001) and LN reduction from 23.30 ± 1.66 to 14.00 ± 0.92 (p < 0.001). The control
group exhibited no significant changes in either emotional regulation variable. Within-group
attention gains were observed in both intervention groups (Group A: p = 0.012; Group B: p =
0.008); however, between-group comparisons did not reveal statistically significant differences in
letter cancellation scores (p = 0.857). Post-hoc analysis confirmed that both intervention groups
significantly outperformed the control group on emotional regulation outcomes, while no
significant between-group differences were detected for attention.
Conclusion:
Brief, structured practices of OM chanting and mindful breathing, sustained over eight weeks
within the school environment, produced meaningful improvements in emotional self-regulation
among children aged 6–8 years. Both modalities demonstrated comparable efficacy in reducing
emotional lability and enhancing adaptive regulation. While attention performance improved
within both intervention groups, between-group differences in attention scores were not
statistically significant, indicating that observed gains may partially reflect test-retest familiarity
effects. The findings advocate for the integration of brief mindfulness sessions into early primary
school schedules as an equitable, culturally responsive strategy for promoting children's emotional
well-being and classroom readiness.
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF 90 DEGREE VERSUS 45 DEGREE INVERSION ON CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS AND HRV IN YOGA PRACTITIONERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY
(S-VYASA, 2026) TARUN KUMAR S.; JANANI A P; AMSHUMAN R YADAV; Krishna Dwivedi
Background:
Inverted yoga postures are believed to influence cerebral circulation and autonomic nervous
system regulation by altering gravitational blood flow dynamics. Practices such as 90°
inversion and 45° inversion are traditionally used in yoga for promoting physiological
balance and relaxation. However, scientific evidence comparing the immediate
cerebrovascular and autonomic effects of different inversion angles remains limited.
Aim:
To investigate the immediate effects of two inversion postures—90° inversion and 45°
inversion on cerebrovascular hemodynamics and cardiac autonomic function in healthy yoga
practitioners.
Methods:
This randomized controlled study included 40 healthy yoga practitioners aged 18–35 years
who had at least six months of yoga practice. Participants were randomly assigned to either
the 90° inversion group or 45° inversion group. Each participant maintained the posture for
approximately turn on I thought yesterday he only gave Roshan only completely3 minutes
under supervision. Physiological assessments were conducted at three time points: baseline
(supine rest), during the posture, and post-intervention recovery.
Assessment:
Cerebrovascular hemodynamic parameters—Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End-Diastolic
Velocity (EDV), Mean Flow Velocity (MFV), Pulsatility Index (PI), and Resistance Index
(RI)—were measured in the left Middle Cerebral Artery using Transcranial Doppler
ultrasonography. Cardiac autonomic activity was assessed through heart rate variability
(HRV) analysis, including time-domain and frequency-domain parameters.
Results:
Both inversion postures produced significant changes in cerebrovascular and autonomic
parameters across the pre, during, and post phases. Mean flow velocity and end-diastolic
velocity increased significantly during inversion, while pulsatility index and resistance index
decreased, indicating improved vascular compliance. 90° inversion produced stronger
autonomic and hemodynamic responses during the posture, whereas 45° inversion showed a
more gradual recovery pattern with sustained reductions in vascular resistance.
Conclusion:
Both 90° inversion and 45° inversion significantly influence cerebral circulation and
autonomic nervous system activity, though with different physiological patterns. 90°
inversion induces stronger acute regulatory responses, while 45° inversion promotes a more
sustained reduction in cerebrovascular resistance during recovery. These findings suggest
that different inversion angles may offer distinct therapeutic applications for improving
cerebrovascular regulation and autonomic balance.
Keywords:
Yoga, Inversion Postures, 90° inversion, 45° inversion, Cerebral Blood Flow, Transcranial
Doppler, Heart Rate Variability, Autonomic Nervous System.
IMPACT OF INTEGRATED YOGA THERAPY ON GLYCAEMIC CONTROL, BLOOD PRESSURE, QUALITY OF LIFE & SLEEP QUALITY IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES & HYPERTENSION.
(S-VYASA, 2026) Aditya Kulkarni; Naveen Kumar
BACKGROUND:
Ageing is a natural process which is inevitable. It is mainly characterised by deteriorating physiological reserves
& physical functions. Due to this impairment, there is an increase in non-communicable diseases such as
hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus & arthritis, which have become an integral part of
ageing. They also tend to have multiple health complaints, such as pain, reduced mobility or range of motion
of joints & fatigue, which might impact their quality-of-life (QOL); this might result in increased dependency
in an older population.
Among older adults, hypertension & type 2 diabetes mellitus are two of the most prevalent non-communicable
disorders. Their coexistence raises the burden of healthcare expenses, lowers quality of life & increases
cardiovascular risk. People with these diseases often experience sleep disruptions, which leads to a vicious
circle of poor health outcomes.
Aim
To assess the effectiveness of integrated yoga therapy on glycaemic control, blood pressure, quality of life &
sleep quality in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus & hypertension.
Objectives
1) Primary objective:
• To evaluate the changes in glycaemic control (HbA1c) following a 12-week integrated yoga
programme.
2) Secondary objectives:
• To observe changes in systolic & diastolic blood pressure post-intervention.
• To assess improvement in sleep quality.
• To assess improvement in quality of life
Materials & Methods.
Participants:
Elderly individuals aged between 60 and 70 years from Ananda seva trust.
Design:
The study was a pre- and post-study with a total of 50 subjects. Before the intervention, consent form was
taken.
Assessment:
• HbA1C (Haemoglobin A1C)
• Blood pressure – systole & diastole
• Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
• Quality of life – IGQOL
Intervention:
Yoga Practice / Session Component
Starting Prayer
Centring & Gentle Breathing
Warm-up
Asanas (Postures)
Pranayama (Breathing Techniques)
Relaxation & Meditation
Results: There was a statistically significant difference observed in the outcome variables following the
intervention, indicating its effectiveness. Significant improvement was noted in sleep quality, as reflected
by the reduction in PSQI scores (p < .001***), with a large effect size (rank biserial correlation = 0.863).
Similarly, a significant decrease in HbA1c levels was observed (p = .002**), demonstrating a moderate
effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.53; rank biserial correlation = 0.537). In addition, a significant improvement in
integrated quality of life (IGQL) scores was observed (p < .001***), with a large effect size (Cohen’s d =1.13), indicating substantial enhancement in overall well-being. These findings suggest that the intervention
was effective in improving sleep quality, glycaemic control, and quality of life among participants.
However, no statistically significant changes were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over
time (p = .088 and p = .161, respectively).
Conclusion: As a non-invasive, low-cost, and easily implementable yogic technique. The study shows that
the intervention significantly improved quality of life, sleep quality, and blood sugar levels in participants.
These changes were meaningful and indicate clear benefits of the intervention. However, there was no
significant change in systolic or diastolic blood pressure over the 12-week period. Overall, the intervention
was effective for improving general well-being and glycaemic control, but not for reducing blood pressure
within the study duration.
THE EFFECT OF GAYATRI MANTRA CHANTING ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV) IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
(S-VYASA, 2026) KAVYA R; RANJITHA R
BACKGROUND
Mantra chanting is an integral component of Yogic science and has been practiced since ancient times for
mental and physiological well-being. Recent studies have demonstrated that mantra chanting positively
influences autonomic regulation, cognitive function and psychological health. The Gayatri Mantra,
particularly the Savitri Gayatri, is one of the most widely practiced mantras in Mantra Yoga and is
traditionally believed to enhance mental clarity and balance. Scientific studies suggest that Gayatri Mantra
chanting promotes alpha brain wave activity and improves heart rate variability (HRV), indicating better
autonomic balance and stress regulation.
AIM
This study aims to evaluate the effect of Gayatri Mantra chanting on heart rate variability in healthy
individuals.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to determine the short-term effect of Gayatri Mantra chanting on heart
rate variability in healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Participants:
A total of 34 college-going students of the age group 18-25 years were recruited based on convenience
sampling. The participants were allocated into experimental and control groups, each consisting of 17
participants.
Design:
Participants who expressed interest in the study were first screened using the predefined inclusion and
exclusion criteria. Thirty-four eligible participants were selected, after which written informed consent was
obtained, and they were subsequently allocated to the experimental and control groups.
Assessments:
Mean RR Interval
Standard Deviation of NN Intervals (SDNN)
Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD)
Low Frequency Power (LF)
High Frequency Power (HF)
LF/HF Ratio
Poincaré SD1
Poincaré SD2
Intervention:
Participants in the experimental group were instructed to perform 18 rounds of Gayatri Mantra
chanting in accordance with the Yajurveda tradition daily for a period of 14 consecutive days.
The control group did not receive any intervention during the study period.
Results:
A statistically significant improvement was observed in several HRV parameters in the experimental group
following Gayatri Mantra chanting, whereas no significant changes were noted in the control group. This
indicates that Gayatri Mantra chanting significantly influences heart rate variability in healthy individuals,
although some parameters did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion:
Gayatri Mantra chanting has a significant effect on heart rate variability in healthy individuals, indicating a
measurable influence on autonomic variability.
Key Words:
Gayatri Mantra chanting, Heart Rate Variability, Yajurveda tradition
VALIDATION OF AN INTEGRATED YOGA MODULE AS AN ADJUNCT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER
(S-VYASA, 2026) YANTRA ATMIKA RAMSAHAYE MARAZ; RAWAT, VIKAS
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) continues to be a prevalent issue that affects individuals' physical, psychological, and social well-being. Despite the availability of various treatments, relapse rates remain high due to the complex nature of addiction, which involves not only physiological dependence but also deep-seated psychological and behavioral patterns. Traditional counselling techniques often overlook holistic approaches that promote well-being and recovery while contemporary yoga therapy tend to overlook yoga-based counselling because of the lack of structure and clinical application.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim and objective of this thesis work is on developing, validating and assessing an integrated yoga module for SUD (IYMSUD) with focus on yoga-based counselling.
METHODS
The study comprised three phases. Phase 1 involved developing IYMSUD through a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS were searched using relevant keywords. Studies were coded and qualitatively analyzed using the inductive thematic approach. Additionally, a semi-structured interview was conducted with yoga therapy experts, wherein their input was audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and qualitatively analyzed to extract themes related to YBC and SUD. Phase 2 utilized the Delphi method with three iterations involving 17 experts to validate IYMSUD. Items with a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) score of 0.99 and above were retained. In Phase 3, a feasibility assessment of IYMSUD was done in a single-arm study involving 23 adults with SUD. Participants received IYMSUD twice a week for 8 weeks alongside standard treatment (12-Step Program).
ASSESSMENT
Pre- and post and follow up intervention assessments included motivation for treatment using the Motivation to seek treatment Questionnaire; anthropometric details including Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate and Bhrahmari Rate; quality of life using the World Health Quality of Life (Bref) Questionaire, and Vedic personality traits using the Gita Inventory. Within group and between group differences was assessed at pre and post interventions.
RESULTS By reviewing 24 articles and analyzing input from experts' interviews in Phase 1, YBC themes were identified, forming the basis for the development of IYMSUD. In Phase 2, IYMSUD, incorporating yoga theory, postures, breathing practices, relaxation, advanced techniques, and YBC, met high-quality standards and was deemed feasible for implementation by the experts. In Phase 3, all yoga participants perceived IYMSUD to be satisfactory, feasible, and culturally appropriate and reported no adverse effects. The intervention group shows a significant increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) whereas the control group shows no significant change. The yoga group experiences a substantial decrease in respiratory rate and improvements are also noted in Vedic Personality scores, with the yoga group. Quality of Life (QOL) scores for the intervention group improve significantly,as well as the psychological health. Participants rated the session’s acceptability as highly acceptable and doable These results indicate the module's positive impact on motivation, health, and quality of life for individuals with SUD.
CONCLUSION This is the first study to empirically integrate counselling in a systematic method as a form of integrated yogic approach. With the strength of validity and feasibility, IYMSUD can be used as an adjunct to substitute drug treatment of SUD.