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Recent Submissions
IMPACT OF ADAPTIVE YOGĀSANA ON PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN HAVING AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (MULTIPLE DISABILITIES): A SINGLE-CASE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
(S-VYASA, 2026) Jyoti Maggu; MOHANTHY, SOUBHAGYALAXMI; S. KARTHIKEYAN
BACKGROUND
Children with multiple disabilities and developmental disorders face significant challenges
across physiological, physical, learning, and socio-emotional domains. Psychological issues,
including cognitive, emotional, and behavioural difficulties, are particularly common among
children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID). Parents and
caregivers are eager for holistic interventions, such as yoga, which has shown promise in
physical, physiological, and psychological therapies. However, limited scientific evidence exist
on yoga's psychological benefits for children with multiple developmental disabilities.
This study addresses the need to empirically validate the impact of yoga through a
comprehensive approach that resonates with psychologists, disability specialists, and
caregivers alike. Traditional yoga methods are not feasible for children with special needs,
requiring instead personalized, one-on-one interventions that engage caregivers, adapt to each
child’s abilities, and involve long-term, continuous assessment. A multiple stakeholder study
involving parents (or caregiver), practicing psychologists, and yoga interventionist was the
premise for this study.
Due to the unique and varied needs of these children, a group design like RCT may be
inappropriate. Thus, a single-case experimental design (SCED) was chosen, allowing each
child to serve as their own control. This rigorous approach statistically assesses the impact of
yoga with continuous data collection, establishing a significant relationship between yoga
intervention and psychological improvement.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This research work aims to prove existence of a functional relationship and efficacy of tailored
made yoga intervention for children with ASD and with ID on improving their psychological
health in cognitive, behavioural, and emotional domains by employing a rigorous scientific
framework, a well-crafted adaptive course plan and teaching methodology. The purpose is also
to involve caregivers that ensures continuity of the practice if there are carry forward benefits
in home condition.
METHODS
Participants
Six children, having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and with Intellectual Disability (ID)
certified as multiple disabled by NIEPMD (D) — National Institute for Empowerment of
Persons with Multiple Disabilities (Divyangjan), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India along with their
caregivers recruited for this study. The chronological age of children was between 7 to 12 years
having mild to moderate severity level of the disorder. The respective caregivers agreed to
participate throughout the study.
Design
A multiple baseline single case experimental design (AB1B2) was implemented for this study.
Each participant went through three phases: (A) baseline phase without intervention for 4
months (eight assessments), (B1) intervention phase in institute setting with yoga teacher and
caregiver for 6 months (twelve assessments), and (B2) intervention phase in home setting with
only caregiver for 3 months (six assessments). Continuous assessments were planned and
administered for each participant at a frequency of every two weeks.
Assessment
Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) and Behavioural Assessment Scales for Indian
Children with Mental Retardation (BASIC-MR) instruments were used to assess the desired
cognitive, behavioural, and emotional parameters objectively.
Intervention
The yoga sessions were administered for the participants as one-to-one intervention along with
yoga teacher and caregiver. The intervention sessions started in institute setting along with yoga
teacher and caregiver for 120 days, followed by 60 days in home setting along with only
caregiver. Each intervention session duration was between 45 to 60 minutes administered every
working day of the week excluding weekends and holidays. Before moving from institute
setting to home setting, the ownership of intervention was handed over to the caregiver with
documented course plan for continuity and smooth execution.
RESULT
The internal validity of effectiveness of adaptive yoga intervention is established based on
visual analysis, the effectiveness is supplemented by non-overlap method NAP and statistical
significance using Cohen’s d. Effect size using non overlap method shows for the 120
observable parameters across baseline vs. intervention phases (institute and home settings)
having 18% as less significant, 24% as moderately significant, 44% as significant and 14% as
insignificant effect. Similarly, effect size using Cohen’s d shows 34% of data has significant
effect, 8% of data shows moderately significant and 13% of data shows less significant, 32%
of data shows the intervention impact is positive, however, insignificant and 13% of data shows
opposite effect. The impact of intervention shows effectiveness across all cognitive,
behavioural, and emotional domains; and across participant replications. This establishes
external validity of the impact.
CONCLUSION
The long term, consistent one-to-one adaptive yoga intervention can effectively improve the
cognitive, behavioural, and emotional conditions of children having ASD and with ID. This
study establishes the potential of yoga interventions in the field of multiple disabilities and
psychology. This gives confidence to the caregivers in assessing the feasibility and
acceptability of yoga practices in the context of their daily routines and overall care strategies.
Cultural Adaptation and Feasibility of an Inpatient Yoga Intervention for Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Tanzania, India, and the United States: A Study Protocol
(Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health, 2026) Smitha Mallaiah et. al.
IMPACT OF TELE YOGA ON MENTAL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADOLESCENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
(S-VYASA, 2026) ARUN THULASI; VIKAS RAWAT
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted almost every part of adolescent life such as school,
friendships, daily routines, and mental well-being. Prolonged closures of schools, the sudden shift
to online learning, and reduced opportunities for social interaction led to increases in stress,
anxiety, and low mood in many young people. In Kerala, where adolescents already face academic
pressure, lifestyle changes, and gaps in mental health services, these disruptions were felt even
more sharply. Adolescence is a period of rapid change, and this developmental stage leaves young
people more exposed to the effects of such upheavals. At the same time, their ease with technology
makes them more open to digital ways of learning and connecting.
Yoga has long been recognized for its role in reducing stress, improving emotional balance, and
supporting overall well-being. For adolescents, it can help regulate emotions, build resilience, and
improve quality of life. During the pandemic, the usual in-person classes were not an option, and
this created the need to find alternative ways to deliver these benefits. Tele-yoga — yoga
instruction provided live or pre-recorded through digital platforms — offered a practical solution,
allowing continued practice from home while maintaining interaction with instructors.
While there is solid evidence for the benefits of yoga in young people, very little is known about
how well tele-yoga works for them, particularly in times of widespread disruption. Most existing
studies focus on short-term, face-to-face interventions or on small, specific groups. There is a clear
gap in understanding whether tele-yoga can be both effective and practical for adolescents in real
world settings, especially when access to mental health support is limited.
This study was conducted in Kerala during the lockdown and post-lockdown phases. It aims to
provide evidence that could guide the use of tele-yoga not only during crises like the pandemic but
also as a long-term, accessible approach to supporting adolescent well-being in schools and
communities.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Aim:
To evaluate the effectiveness of tele-yoga in improving the mental health and quality of life of
adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic through a three-phase study.
Objectives:
1. To assess the mental health, quality of life and well-being of adolescents during the
pandemic lockdown.
2. To evaluate changes in the mental health and quality of life of adolescents through tele
yoga intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic.
3. To examine the adaptability and self-practice of tele-yoga among adolescents after the
COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.
METHODS
This study was conducted in three phases to evaluate the impact of tele-yoga on the mental health
and quality of life of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 involved evaluating
adolescent mental health and well-being during the lockdown using standardized assessment tools.
Study 2 (Intervention & Immediate Effects) implemented a structured tele-yoga intervention,
while the control group received tele-exercises. Post-intervention assessments were conducted to
measure immediate effects. Study 3 (Follow-Up Assessment) examined the three-month post
impact of tele-yoga with respect to adaptability amongst school students.
Participants
The study included school-going adolescents who had experienced disruptions due to the
pandemic. For the survey phase, data were obtained from 532 adolescents (63% girls, 37% boys)
with a mean age of 15.2 ± 2.17 years, studying across 10 public and 9 private schools. In the
subsequent intervention phase, 80 participants were equally allocated to the tele-yoga group and
the control group. At the three-month post-intervention follow-up, a total of 46 participants were
assessed to evaluate adaptability in the post-lockdown period.
Design
For the survey, a descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted. For the intervention, a two
arm, parallel group, controlled trial design was adopted.
Assessments
To evaluate the impact of tele-yoga, the study used well-established tools to measure adolescent
mental health and quality of life. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) helped assess
emotional and behavioral well-being, while the WHOQOL-BREF provided a broader
understanding of overall life satisfaction. Given the unique challenges of the pandemic, the Well
Being of Children in Lockdown Scale (WCLS) was included to observe changes in daily routines,
emotional health, and engagement in activities during lockdown.
To understand the post-lockdown adaptability and coping amongst adolescents, a follow-up
assessment was conducted three months post-intervention. A 20-item telephonic survey gathered
feedback from both parents and students, offering valuable insights into how adolescents adapted
to school reopening, maintained their yoga practice, and perceived its benefits. Within group and
between group differences was assessed at pre and post interventions.
Intervention
The tele-yoga intervention, adopted from previous study and modified into online format, included
fundamental yoga practices designed for adolescents. Sessions were conducted thrice weekly for
45 minutes for two months, while the control group participated in stretching and dynamic
exercises for the same duration.
RESULTS
The study examined the impact of tele-yoga intervention on adolescents during the COVID-19
pandemic through three phases: initial survey (n=532), the intervention study (n=65) and post
lockdown adaptability (n=46). The survey revealed that parent-reported well-being were at
moderate levels while the majority of students reported good control over their emotions and
behavior and had a good quality of life. A strong majority (89.7%) preferred in-person schooling
and the overall survey was seen as a meaningful self-reflective tool and an opportunity for self
reflection. In the intervention phase, between groups analysis had shown that while both groups
improved in various domains across SDQ and WHOQOL-BREF scales, tele-yoga showed more
favorable outcomes for conduct problems, overall difficulties, social, overall QoL and overall
health domains. Within-group analyses for WHOQOL-BREF showed significant improvements
across all domains except overall health in the tele-yoga group, while there were no significant
changes seen in the SDQ scale. The control group showed significant changes in emotions, conduct
problems, total difficulty scores, and summary scores domains. Notably, the tele-yoga group's
mean attendance rate was 65%, while the control group achieved 80%. The three-month post
intervention data revealed varying adherence levels, with only 17.4% of the yoga group and 26.1%
of the exercise group maintaining high practice frequency. Key challenges included lack of
motivation (39%), time management issues (26%), and home distractions (34.8%). Notable
benefits reported included improved mental well-being (43.5%) and enhanced physical health
(34.8%). The findings suggest that while tele-yoga shows promise for improving adolescent well
being, maintaining long-term engagement remains challenging in virtual formats.
CONCLUSION
Tele-yoga effectively enhances adolescents' mental health and quality of life compared to general
exercise, particularly in emotional regulation and behavioral stability. While the intervention
showed promising results, the study highlights both the potential of virtual yoga delivery and the
need to address long-term practice sustainability.
EFFECT OF OMKAR MANTRA CHANTING ON VOICE PARAMETERS AND WELL-BEING IN NOVICE PRACTITIONERS
(S-VYASA, 2026) JAYASHREE PATTANAYAK; Judu Ilavarasu; B. K. Yamini
BACKGROUND:
Mantra chanting is one of the simplest yet most effective practices for novice practitioners of any age group to get various health benefits or spiritual inspiration. The term “Mantra” has a Sanskrit origin
and is a tool for the mind or thought. The sacred utterance consists of syllables, words, or verses that
create powerful vibrations, which can be used to heal the physical body and take the mind into a deep
state of meditation. Chanting Omkar is one of the ancient practices that effortlessly leads to
improvement in mood and cognitive functioning by promoting greater alignment between physical
and subtle states of our being. On the physiological front, Mantra chanting positively influences heart
rate variability, respiratory dynamics, neural activity, cognition, social cohesion, and many more in
diverse ways, as evidenced by recent scientific inspections. Research on the psychological effects of
Mantra chanting reveals compelling evidence of its ability to reduce stress, alleviate anxiety and
depression, promote emotional regulation, and enhance mindfulness. In recent decades, acoustic
methods have successfully aided in differential diagnosis by analysing vowels and speech, thereby
evaluating the effectiveness of treatment approaches. Chanting the Omkar Mantra loudly is a
powerful meditative technique that naturally draws one's attention to the sound. The resonant tones
produced during Omkar chanting serve as internal signals, stimulating various neuronal activities.
This method is valuable in laboratory settings, where the participants' engagement in the practice can
be closely observed. Consistent loud chanting shifts consciousness, reducing activity in the brain's
left hemisphere while boosting activity in the right hemisphere, ultimately elevating alpha and theta
brainwave levels. Omkar chanting enhances focused attention, vocal synchronization, and emotional
self-regulation, benefits that stem from the melodic arrangement of the voice. Focusing on this
resonant sound typically turns external sensory perception inward. The brain's intrinsic function
reflects the fundamental activities of its underlying architecture, which can be modified through
sensory inputs.
The current study investigates the voice parameters and the well-being indicators in the context of A
kara, U kara, and M kara chanting.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• The aim was to examine the effect of Omkar Mantra chanting on voice quality and
psychological well-being in healthy, novice individuals.
• The objectives were:
• To compare the acoustic characteristics of Omkar chanting in healthy novice individuals
before and after Omkar Mantra chanting.
• To compare psychological well-being before and after the Omkar chanting training program.
METHODS
Participants
The study involved healthy individuals who were new to the practice of mantra chanting and without
prior chanting experience. A total of 100 participants (50 males and 50 females) aged between 20 and
45 were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants were included based on the criterion of
no signs of vocal dysfunction. We considered a GRBAS score of 0 with no history of current or past
voice disorder (e.g., Dysphonia, Vocal cord nodules, Parkinson's). Exclusion criteria were (i) any
previous exposure to regular yoga or mantra chanting or professional singing experience to avoid
variations in the duration and quality of phonation, (ii) any previous history of self-reported physical
or mental ailments. The research was conducted through an online mode.
Design
A quasi-experimental study was administered to measure the productivity before and after the training
program for the same group of individuals. The means and standard deviations of voice parameters,
well-being, and vitality were compared for both males and females before and after the training
program, and the statistical significance of the productivity differences was assessed.
Assessments:
Voice parameters included fundamental frequency, formants (F1, F2, F3), jitter, shimmer, and
harmonic-to-noise ratio. Well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 and Subjective Vitality Scale
(SVS) tools.
Intervention:
A 10-day training workshop was conducted online, consisting of 30 minutes of guided whole-body
visualization relaxation each day, along with a short pranayama practice. This was followed by chanting A, U,
M, and Om. Data on the participants was collected using commonly available Mi and Redmi handsets and
analyzed with PRAAT software both before and after the training program. The WHO-5 and SVS vitality
questionnaires were employed as pre- and post-workshop measures to assess psychological changes in the
participants.
Results:
The statistical software JASP 0.18.3 was used to analyze the data. Out of the 100 recruited subjects,
data from 4 subjects were discarded due to improper recording or outliers. Consequently, data from
96 subjects were considered for analysis. The results indicated a statistically significant improvement
in the physical and mental well-being of individuals, suggesting a positive effect of Omkara chanting
on novice participants.
Conclusions:
The current study demonstrated that the practice of loud Omkar chant has a significant effect on the
voice parameters, fundamental frequency(F0), formants (F1, F2, F3), jitter, shimmer, and HNR, along
with improvement in vitality and psychological parameters. Thus, Omkar chanting offers broader
opportunities due to its overt features and simple techniques. Further research can better highlight the
positive effects of the Omkara chant on meditation and its relevance for clinical populations.
DEVELOPMENT, CONTENT VALIDATION, AND FEASIBILITY OF A TELE YOGA MODULE FOR POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
(S-VYASA, 2026) KATLA NARESH; RAMESH MAVATHUR; JUDU ILAVARASU; HEMANT BHARGAV; BHARATH HOLLA
Introduction
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a growing concern worldwide. The increasing incidence
of PTSD, compounded by the social stigma associated with it, often prevents individuals from
seeking professional help. The objective of this study was to develop, validate, and test the
feasibility of Tele-Yoga Module (TYM) for managing PTSD, within a community setting in India.
Methods: The development of the TYM involved a systematic review of existing literature on
yoga-based interventions for PTSD and a thorough examination of classical yoga texts. Following
this, the module was content validated based on feedback from 23 experts in yoga and mental
health. The feasibility of the module was then tested in a 12-week study with sixty participants
diagnosed with PTSD as per DSM-V criteria. Participants were split evenly between the TYM and
a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group. We measured variables such as PTSD symptoms, social
functioning, resilience, anxiety, depression, and yoga-based personality traits.
Results: Participants in the TYM group showed significant improvements in PTSD symptoms,
anxiety, and depression, compared to the TAU group (p < 0.001 for all). No significant between
group differences were observed in resilience and psycho-social functions (p = 0.11). The
feasibility aspects of the TYM have been discussed under seven dimensions, including safety and
acceptability. These findings suggest that the TYM can serve as a potentially useful add-on
intervention in managing PTSD. This study contributes to the emerging field of tele-yoga and
highlights the importance of culturally and contextually adapted mental health interventions. Such
approaches are crucial for addressing the global burden of PTSD.
Keywords: PTSD, Tele yoga, Module development, feasibility, stigma