DSpace@SVYASA

DSpace@SVYASA is a digital repository initiative by the Saraswati Central Library that aims to collect, preserve, and disseminate the intellectual output of research and innovation at SVYASA deemed to be University. This platform showcases the contributions of faculty members, research scholars, and students.

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Yoga Sudha - May 2026
(Mahadevappa B. on behalf of S-VYASA, 2026-05-08) H. R. Nagendra; Aarthi Jagannathan
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VALIDATION OF AN INTEGRATED YOGA MODULE AS AN ADJUNCT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER
(S-VYASA, 2026) YANTRA ATMIKA RAMSAHAYE MARAZ; RAWAT, VIKAS
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) continues to be a prevalent issue that affects individuals' physical, psychological, and social well-being. Despite the availability of various treatments, relapse rates remain high due to the complex nature of addiction, which involves not only physiological dependence but also deep-seated psychological and behavioral patterns. Traditional counselling techniques often overlook holistic approaches that promote well-being and recovery while contemporary yoga therapy tend to overlook yoga-based counselling because of the lack of structure and clinical application. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim and objective of this thesis work is on developing, validating and assessing an integrated yoga module for SUD (IYMSUD) with focus on yoga-based counselling. METHODS The study comprised three phases. Phase 1 involved developing IYMSUD through a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS were searched using relevant keywords. Studies were coded and qualitatively analyzed using the inductive thematic approach. Additionally, a semi-structured interview was conducted with yoga therapy experts, wherein their input was audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and qualitatively analyzed to extract themes related to YBC and SUD. Phase 2 utilized the Delphi method with three iterations involving 17 experts to validate IYMSUD. Items with a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) score of 0.99 and above were retained. In Phase 3, a feasibility assessment of IYMSUD was done in a single-arm study involving 23 adults with SUD. Participants received IYMSUD twice a week for 8 weeks alongside standard treatment (12-Step Program). ASSESSMENT Pre- and post and follow up intervention assessments included motivation for treatment using the Motivation to seek treatment Questionnaire; anthropometric details including Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate and Bhrahmari Rate; quality of life using the World Health Quality of Life (Bref) Questionaire, and Vedic personality traits using the Gita Inventory. Within group and between group differences was assessed at pre and post interventions. RESULTS By reviewing 24 articles and analyzing input from experts' interviews in Phase 1, YBC themes were identified, forming the basis for the development of IYMSUD. In Phase 2, IYMSUD, incorporating yoga theory, postures, breathing practices, relaxation, advanced techniques, and YBC, met high-quality standards and was deemed feasible for implementation by the experts. In Phase 3, all yoga participants perceived IYMSUD to be satisfactory, feasible, and culturally appropriate and reported no adverse effects. The intervention group shows a significant increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) whereas the control group shows no significant change. The yoga group experiences a substantial decrease in respiratory rate and improvements are also noted in Vedic Personality scores, with the yoga group. Quality of Life (QOL) scores for the intervention group improve significantly,as well as the psychological health. Participants rated the session’s acceptability as highly acceptable and doable These results indicate the module's positive impact on motivation, health, and quality of life for individuals with SUD. CONCLUSION This is the first study to empirically integrate counselling in a systematic method as a form of integrated yogic approach. With the strength of validity and feasibility, IYMSUD can be used as an adjunct to substitute drug treatment of SUD.
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IMPACT OF ADAPTIVE YOGĀSANA ON PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN HAVING AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (MULTIPLE DISABILITIES): A SINGLE-CASE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
(S-VYASA, 2026) Jyoti Maggu; MOHANTHY, SOUBHAGYALAXMI; S. KARTHIKEYAN
BACKGROUND Children with multiple disabilities and developmental disorders face significant challenges across physiological, physical, learning, and socio-emotional domains. Psychological issues, including cognitive, emotional, and behavioural difficulties, are particularly common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID). Parents and caregivers are eager for holistic interventions, such as yoga, which has shown promise in physical, physiological, and psychological therapies. However, limited scientific evidence exist on yoga's psychological benefits for children with multiple developmental disabilities. This study addresses the need to empirically validate the impact of yoga through a comprehensive approach that resonates with psychologists, disability specialists, and caregivers alike. Traditional yoga methods are not feasible for children with special needs, requiring instead personalized, one-on-one interventions that engage caregivers, adapt to each child’s abilities, and involve long-term, continuous assessment. A multiple stakeholder study involving parents (or caregiver), practicing psychologists, and yoga interventionist was the premise for this study. Due to the unique and varied needs of these children, a group design like RCT may be inappropriate. Thus, a single-case experimental design (SCED) was chosen, allowing each child to serve as their own control. This rigorous approach statistically assesses the impact of yoga with continuous data collection, establishing a significant relationship between yoga intervention and psychological improvement. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This research work aims to prove existence of a functional relationship and efficacy of tailored made yoga intervention for children with ASD and with ID on improving their psychological health in cognitive, behavioural, and emotional domains by employing a rigorous scientific framework, a well-crafted adaptive course plan and teaching methodology. The purpose is also to involve caregivers that ensures continuity of the practice if there are carry forward benefits in home condition. METHODS Participants Six children, having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and with Intellectual Disability (ID) certified as multiple disabled by NIEPMD (D) — National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities (Divyangjan), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India along with their caregivers recruited for this study. The chronological age of children was between 7 to 12 years having mild to moderate severity level of the disorder. The respective caregivers agreed to participate throughout the study. Design A multiple baseline single case experimental design (AB1B2) was implemented for this study. Each participant went through three phases: (A) baseline phase without intervention for 4 months (eight assessments), (B1) intervention phase in institute setting with yoga teacher and caregiver for 6 months (twelve assessments), and (B2) intervention phase in home setting with only caregiver for 3 months (six assessments). Continuous assessments were planned and administered for each participant at a frequency of every two weeks. Assessment Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) and Behavioural Assessment Scales for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (BASIC-MR) instruments were used to assess the desired cognitive, behavioural, and emotional parameters objectively. Intervention The yoga sessions were administered for the participants as one-to-one intervention along with yoga teacher and caregiver. The intervention sessions started in institute setting along with yoga teacher and caregiver for 120 days, followed by 60 days in home setting along with only caregiver. Each intervention session duration was between 45 to 60 minutes administered every working day of the week excluding weekends and holidays. Before moving from institute setting to home setting, the ownership of intervention was handed over to the caregiver with documented course plan for continuity and smooth execution. RESULT The internal validity of effectiveness of adaptive yoga intervention is established based on visual analysis, the effectiveness is supplemented by non-overlap method NAP and statistical significance using Cohen’s d. Effect size using non overlap method shows for the 120 observable parameters across baseline vs. intervention phases (institute and home settings) having 18% as less significant, 24% as moderately significant, 44% as significant and 14% as insignificant effect. Similarly, effect size using Cohen’s d shows 34% of data has significant effect, 8% of data shows moderately significant and 13% of data shows less significant, 32% of data shows the intervention impact is positive, however, insignificant and 13% of data shows opposite effect. The impact of intervention shows effectiveness across all cognitive, behavioural, and emotional domains; and across participant replications. This establishes external validity of the impact. CONCLUSION The long term, consistent one-to-one adaptive yoga intervention can effectively improve the cognitive, behavioural, and emotional conditions of children having ASD and with ID. This study establishes the potential of yoga interventions in the field of multiple disabilities and psychology. This gives confidence to the caregivers in assessing the feasibility and acceptability of yoga practices in the context of their daily routines and overall care strategies.
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IMPACT OF TELE YOGA ON MENTAL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADOLESCENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
(S-VYASA, 2026) ARUN THULASI; VIKAS RAWAT
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted almost every part of adolescent life such as school, friendships, daily routines, and mental well-being. Prolonged closures of schools, the sudden shift to online learning, and reduced opportunities for social interaction led to increases in stress, anxiety, and low mood in many young people. In Kerala, where adolescents already face academic pressure, lifestyle changes, and gaps in mental health services, these disruptions were felt even more sharply. Adolescence is a period of rapid change, and this developmental stage leaves young people more exposed to the effects of such upheavals. At the same time, their ease with technology makes them more open to digital ways of learning and connecting. Yoga has long been recognized for its role in reducing stress, improving emotional balance, and supporting overall well-being. For adolescents, it can help regulate emotions, build resilience, and improve quality of life. During the pandemic, the usual in-person classes were not an option, and this created the need to find alternative ways to deliver these benefits. Tele-yoga — yoga instruction provided live or pre-recorded through digital platforms — offered a practical solution, allowing continued practice from home while maintaining interaction with instructors. While there is solid evidence for the benefits of yoga in young people, very little is known about how well tele-yoga works for them, particularly in times of widespread disruption. Most existing studies focus on short-term, face-to-face interventions or on small, specific groups. There is a clear gap in understanding whether tele-yoga can be both effective and practical for adolescents in real world settings, especially when access to mental health support is limited. This study was conducted in Kerala during the lockdown and post-lockdown phases. It aims to provide evidence that could guide the use of tele-yoga not only during crises like the pandemic but also as a long-term, accessible approach to supporting adolescent well-being in schools and communities. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of tele-yoga in improving the mental health and quality of life of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic through a three-phase study. Objectives: 1. To assess the mental health, quality of life and well-being of adolescents during the pandemic lockdown. 2. To evaluate changes in the mental health and quality of life of adolescents through tele yoga intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. 3. To examine the adaptability and self-practice of tele-yoga among adolescents after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. METHODS This study was conducted in three phases to evaluate the impact of tele-yoga on the mental health and quality of life of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 involved evaluating adolescent mental health and well-being during the lockdown using standardized assessment tools. Study 2 (Intervention & Immediate Effects) implemented a structured tele-yoga intervention, while the control group received tele-exercises. Post-intervention assessments were conducted to measure immediate effects. Study 3 (Follow-Up Assessment) examined the three-month post impact of tele-yoga with respect to adaptability amongst school students. Participants The study included school-going adolescents who had experienced disruptions due to the pandemic. For the survey phase, data were obtained from 532 adolescents (63% girls, 37% boys) with a mean age of 15.2 ± 2.17 years, studying across 10 public and 9 private schools. In the subsequent intervention phase, 80 participants were equally allocated to the tele-yoga group and the control group. At the three-month post-intervention follow-up, a total of 46 participants were assessed to evaluate adaptability in the post-lockdown period. Design For the survey, a descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted. For the intervention, a two arm, parallel group, controlled trial design was adopted. Assessments To evaluate the impact of tele-yoga, the study used well-established tools to measure adolescent mental health and quality of life. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) helped assess emotional and behavioral well-being, while the WHOQOL-BREF provided a broader understanding of overall life satisfaction. Given the unique challenges of the pandemic, the Well Being of Children in Lockdown Scale (WCLS) was included to observe changes in daily routines, emotional health, and engagement in activities during lockdown. To understand the post-lockdown adaptability and coping amongst adolescents, a follow-up assessment was conducted three months post-intervention. A 20-item telephonic survey gathered feedback from both parents and students, offering valuable insights into how adolescents adapted to school reopening, maintained their yoga practice, and perceived its benefits. Within group and between group differences was assessed at pre and post interventions. Intervention The tele-yoga intervention, adopted from previous study and modified into online format, included fundamental yoga practices designed for adolescents. Sessions were conducted thrice weekly for 45 minutes for two months, while the control group participated in stretching and dynamic exercises for the same duration. RESULTS The study examined the impact of tele-yoga intervention on adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic through three phases: initial survey (n=532), the intervention study (n=65) and post lockdown adaptability (n=46). The survey revealed that parent-reported well-being were at moderate levels while the majority of students reported good control over their emotions and behavior and had a good quality of life. A strong majority (89.7%) preferred in-person schooling and the overall survey was seen as a meaningful self-reflective tool and an opportunity for self reflection. In the intervention phase, between groups analysis had shown that while both groups improved in various domains across SDQ and WHOQOL-BREF scales, tele-yoga showed more favorable outcomes for conduct problems, overall difficulties, social, overall QoL and overall health domains. Within-group analyses for WHOQOL-BREF showed significant improvements across all domains except overall health in the tele-yoga group, while there were no significant changes seen in the SDQ scale. The control group showed significant changes in emotions, conduct problems, total difficulty scores, and summary scores domains. Notably, the tele-yoga group's mean attendance rate was 65%, while the control group achieved 80%. The three-month post intervention data revealed varying adherence levels, with only 17.4% of the yoga group and 26.1% of the exercise group maintaining high practice frequency. Key challenges included lack of motivation (39%), time management issues (26%), and home distractions (34.8%). Notable benefits reported included improved mental well-being (43.5%) and enhanced physical health (34.8%). The findings suggest that while tele-yoga shows promise for improving adolescent well being, maintaining long-term engagement remains challenging in virtual formats. CONCLUSION Tele-yoga effectively enhances adolescents' mental health and quality of life compared to general exercise, particularly in emotional regulation and behavioral stability. While the intervention showed promising results, the study highlights both the potential of virtual yoga delivery and the need to address long-term practice sustainability.