D. Division of Yoga and Management Studies

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a. Development of Holistic Management of Systems by adding dimensions, to the existing MBO (Management by Objectives) and Total Quality Management (TQM) approaches, from yoga and spiritual lore. b. Tools for measurement of growth of individuals and societies by holistic measures adding dimensions to the existing measures as GNP, Economic status of an individual, etc. c. Evolving the personality building measures apart from "the bread earning" dimensions in educational systems drawing the Holistic wisdom from yoga and spiritual lore. d. Measurement of personality aspects at the physical, mental, emotional and intellectual levels. e. Evolving tools and technology for holistic growth of individuals and the institutions. f. Study of the effect of mantras, prayers and their role in personality development.

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Oxygen consumption and respiration during and after two yoga relaxation techniques.
(Applied Psychophysiology, 2006) Sarang S.P.; Telles, Shirley
Cyclic meditation (CM) is a technique which combines ‘stimulating’ and ‘calming’ practices, based on a statement in ancient yoga texts suggesting that such a combination may be especially helpful to reach a state of mental equilibrium. The oxygen consumption, breath rate and breath volume of 50 male volunteers (group mean age±SD, 27±6.3 years) were assessed before, during, and after sessions of CM and sessions of supine rest in the corpse posture (shavasana, SH). The sessions were one day apart and the order was alternated. The oxygen consumption, breath rate and breath volume increased during the ‘stimulating’ practices of CM, returned to the baseline during the ‘calming’ practices, and the oxygen consumption decreased by 19.3 percent below baseline values after CM. During the SH session the oxygen consumption, breath rate and breath volume reduced; however the decrease in oxygen consumption after SH was less than after CM (i.e., 4.8 percent). The results support the idea that a combination of yoga postures with supine rest (in CM) reduces the oxygen consumption more than resting supine alone
Oxygen consumption and respiration following two yoga relaxation techniques.
(Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 2000) Telles, Shirley; Reddy, S.K.; Nagendra H.R.
The present study was conducted to evaluate a statement in ancient yoga texts which suggests that a combination of both "calming" and "stimulating" measures may be especially helpful in reaching a state of mental equilibrium. Two yoga practices, one combining "calming and stimulating" measures (cyclic meditation) and the other, a "calming" technique (shavasan), were compared. The oxygen consumption, breath rate and breath volume, of 40 male volunteers (group mean ± SD, 27.0 ± 5.7 Years) were assessed before and after sessions of cyclic meditation (CM) and before and after sessions of shavasan (SH). The two sessions (CM, SH) were one day apart. Cyclic meditation includes the practice of yoga postures interspersed with periods of supine relaxation.
Pranayama increases grip strength without lateralized effects.
(Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1997-07-17) Raghuraj, P.; Nagarathna R.; Nagendra H.R.; Telles, Shirley
The present study was conducted to determine whether breathing through a particular nostril has a lateralized effect on hand grip strength. 130 right hand dominant, school children between 11 and 18 yrs of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Each group had a specific yoga practice in addition to the regular program for a 10 day yoga camp. The practices were: (1) right, (2) left, (3) alternate- nostril breathing (4), breath awareness and (5) practice of mudras. Hand grip strength of both hands was assessed initially and at the end of 10 days for all 5 groups. The right, left- and alternate- nostril breathing groups had a significant increase in grip strength of both hands, ranging from 4.1% to 6.5%, at the end of the camp though without any lateralization effect. The breath awareness and mudra groups showed no change. Hence the present results suggest that yoga breathing through a particular nostril, or through alternate nostrils increases hand grip strength of both hands without lateralization.
A randomized trial comparing the effects of yoga and physical activity programs on depth perception in school children
(Journal of Indian Psychology, 2003) Raghuraj, P.; Telles, Shirley
Shorter latencies of Components of middle latency auditory evoked potentials in congenitally blind compared to normal sighted subjects.
(International Journal of Neuroscience,, 1998) Manjunath N.K.; Srinivas, R.; Nirmala, K.S.; Nagendra H.R.; Kumar, A.; Telles, Shirley
A previous study which reported shorter latencies of the Nb component of AEP-MLRS in congenitally blind compared to normal sighted subjects, formed the basis for the present study. The blind subjects had received a rehabilitation program from the age of 4 years onwards, which may have influenced auditory function. Hence the present study was designed to compare the AEP MLRs of normal sighted subjects with age-matched blind subjects who had not undergone early rehabilitation. Auditory evoked potentials (0 to 100 ms. range) were recorded in 10 congenitally blind subjects (average age = 22.4 + 4.9 yrs.) and an equal number of age matched subjects with normal vision. There were two repetitions per subject. The peak latencies of both the Pa (maximum positive peak between Na and 35 ms.) and Nb (maximum negative peak between 38 and 52 ms.) waves was significantly shorter in congenitally blind compared to normal sighted subjects. Since the Pa and Nb waves are believed to be generated by the superior temporal cortex (Heschl's gyrus), it appears that processing at this neural level occurs more efficiently in the blind. Also, in spite of the absence of an early rehabilitation program the present subjects showed the same auditory changes as those reported earlier.
Spatial and verbal memory test scores following yoga and fine arts camps for school children
(Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology,, 2004) Manjunath N.K.; Telles, Shirley
The performance scores of children (aged 11 to 16 years) in verbal and spatial memory tests were compared for two groups (n = 30, each), one attending a yoga camp and the other a fine arts camp. Both groups were assessed on the memory tasks initially and after ten days of their respective interventions. A control group (n = 30) was similarly studied to assess the test - retest effect. At the final assessment the yoga group showed a significant increase of 43% in spatial memory scores (Multivariate analysis, Tukey test), while the fine arts and control groups showed no change. The results suggest that yoga practice, including physical postures, yoga breathing, meditation and guided relaxation improved delayed recall of spatial information.
Yoga based guided relaxation reduces sympathetic activity Judged from based on baseline levels.
(Psychological Reports, 2002) Vempati, R.P.; Telles, Shirley
35 male volunteers with ages ranged from 20 to 46 yrs were studied in two sessions, of yoga based guided relaxation and supine rest. Assessments of autonomic parameters were made in 15 subjects, before, during and after the practices, whereas oxygen consumption and breath volume were recorded in 25 subjects, before and after both types of relaxation. A significant decrease in oxygen consumption and increase in breath volume were recorded after guided relaxation (paired t test). There were comparable reductions in heart rate and skin conductance level during both types of relaxation. During guided relaxation the power of the low frequency component of the heart rate variability spectrum reduced, whereas the power of the high frequency component increased, suggesting reduced sympathetic activity. Also subjects with a base line ratio of LF/HF >0.5 showed a significant decrease in the ratio after guided relaxation, while subjects with a ratio < 0.5 at baseline showed no such change. The results suggest that sympathetic activity decreased after guided relaxation based on yoga, depending on the base line levels.