Yoga Theses by PhD students
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Yoga Theses by Yoga PhD Students at SVYASA. These pages present some efforts at Scientific Validation of Yoga. You may receive full text of available yoga research papers
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Item A study on impact of yoga in improvement of Physical, Psychological, and Social fitness among adolescents(S-VYASA, 2019-11-02) Choukse, AsthaDiscovering and promoting ways to improve adolescents’ overall fitness has been a recurrent concern and challenge in the field of health and psychology. Adolescence, as a period of transition, is highly prone to health risks and unhealthy behavior patterns. Decrease in physical activity, improper food habits, and sedentary lifestyle in adolescents are very prevalent today. These factors can constitute risks to physical, mental, and social health. Adolescence is the right time to promote healthy practices to prevent problems of health and behavior in adulthood. Even though, fitness during adolescence is considered essential, there is a dearth for effective programs that promote overall fitness in adolescents. Available programs lack in holisticity or integrative approach as they focus on either of the fitness domains such as physical, psychological, or social domains. Indian classical texts provide immense conceptual resources and guidelines on different aspects of life. Texts like Bhagavad-Gita, Taittiriya Upanishad, Patanjali Yoga Sutras explain various components of fitness and techniques that promote fitness at different domains. Integrative approach Yoga is considered an important intervention that provides the right dose of activities to promote health and wellbeing at all five koshas. Research studies indicate that although yoga is being implemented in schools, little is done on studying its effect on overall fitness of adolescents. While yoga in schools is a popular program, residential yoga camps for adolescents are less heard. Further, research studies on the effect of short-term residential yoga program has not been cited. There is also a need to develop effective holistic yoga program that can be replicated in different adolescent populations and different setting other than school as well. AIMS & OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of a seven-day residential, integrated, holistic yoga intervention on certain physical, psychological, and social fitness parameters in adolescents. The primary objective of the study is to examine the effect of yoga on a. Physical fitness, such as strength, speed, flexibility, and coordination b. Psychological, fitness such as Emotional Intelligence, anger, and self-concept c. Social fitness, such as empathy, social competence, altruism, and relationships The secondary objectives are a) To develop an integrated yoga module for overall fitness among adolescents b) To understand the difference in the effects of yoga across genders and age groups. c) To explore the relationships between the changes across physical, psychological and social domains. d) To assess if parents’ observations coincided with that of their children. MATERIALS & METHODS A pre-post yoga interventional study was carried out in three independent cohorts (batches 1, 2 and 3) with sample size of 148 (57.8% male), 167 (73.1% male), and 195 (62.1% male), respectively. The participants of the study included healthy adolescent children (both girls and boys) aged between 9 and 16 years, studying in English-medium schools. The samples were drawn from the children who registered for the seven-day residential yoga camp. Ethical approval and consent from parents and participants were obtained. A seven-day integrated yoga intervention was conducted in a residential setting. The intervention included Asana, Pranayama, Relaxation, Meditation, and also Jnana yoga (Yama- Niyama concepts) and Bhakti yoga. The intervention was spread over from morning 5.00 am till night 9.30 pm with intermittent breaks and free time. Food and lifestyle remained same for all the participants during the program. Physical fitness tasks such as body mass index (BMI), plate-taping test (PLT), sit and reach (SAR), standing broad jump (SBJ), sit-ups (SUP), and 10x5m shuttle run (10x5mR) were assessed using Eurofit battery. Psychological assessments included emotional intelligence, emotional regulation strategies, clinical anger, and self-concept. Social assessments included social competence, empathy, altruism, parent relationship, and peer friendship. Authorized scales and software were used for assessments and relevant analyses were carried out. Data was collected from the participants and their parents using respective versions of the scales for psychosocial assessments.Item Efficacy of yoga on molecular and systemic homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: studies on short and long-term yoga practitioners(S-VYASA, 2020-01) Singh, Amit; Tekuru, Padmini; H. R., NagendraBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent public health problem newlinefor significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe, characterized by disruption newlinein glucose homeostasis, systemic homeostasis, inflammation and genetic expressions. Yoga is newlinea mind body medicine shown to have several health benefiting effects. There is lack evidence newlinefor efficacy of Yoga in improving systemic homeostasis and molecular level in patients with newlineT2DM. newlineObjectives: Present study is intended to assess efficacy of Yoga on glucose homeostasis newlinethrough short-term Yoga intervention and multi-centric randomized controlled study and newlineassessed the role of Yoga in improving systemic homeostasis and epigenetic modification newlinethrough a cross-sectional study. newlineMethods: This study included three different studies 1) Multi-centric study on 251 T2DM newlinepatients who were randomized into a Yoga group (n=137) and a control group (n=114). newlineParticipants in the Yoga group received 3-month Yoga intervention and control group newlinefollowed daily routine. Fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose were assessed newlineat the baseline and after 3-month, 2) A retrospective study assessed the impact of 2-weeks newlineresidential Yoga program on FBS and PPBS on 568 patients with T2DM, FBS and PPBS newlinewere assessed at the baseline and after 15 day, 3) Long term impact of Yoga on a molecular newlinelevel, inflammation, systemic homeostasis was measured on 22 patients with T2DM who newlinewere long term Yoga practitioners and they were compared and matched with group of 22 newlinenon- Yoga patients. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16. newlineResults: There was a significant decrease in FBS and PPBS in both multi-centric trial and newlineretrospective study. In the long term-cross sectional study Yoga practitioners had a better newlinehomeostasis status compared to non-practitioners. The number of patients in the Yoga group newlinehad better organ functions, positive changes in gene expression and lesser complications newlinewhen compared to T2DM patients of non- Yoga group.Item Use of integrated approach of yoga therapy and ayurveda in the management of migraine headache(S-VYASA, 2019) Sharma, Vasudha M.; Nagendra, H. R.Background: There is a rise in the need for Complementary and Integrative medicine to provide long-term healing solutions in non-communicable diseases in general and Migraine Headache in particular. Knowing the limitations of conventional medical approach, the present study therefore evaluated the influence of the two Indian traditional systems of medicine, i.e., Ayurveda and Yoga as an integrative medical intervention. Changes following the use of Ayurveda and Yoga therapy were studied on symptoms, migraine-related disability, perceived stress, autonomic variables, muscle activity and quality of life in patients with migraine headache without aura. Aims and Objective: • To compile and understand the concept of migraine headache according to Ayurveda and Yoga texts. • To scientifically validate the use of Ayurveda and Yoga in the management of migraine headache without aura. Methodology: This study was a Prospective, Open labelled, matched control trial comparing an Ayurveda- Yoga group (AY) with a Control group (CT) on symptomatic conventional treatment. 30 subjects who were recruited to Ayurveda and Yoga (AY) group underwent traditional Pañcakarma (Bio-purification) using Virecana (therapeutic purgation) followed by Yoga therapy, while 30 subjects matched for age and gender belonging to the Control (CT) group continued on symptomatic treatment (NSAID's) for 90 days. The subjects of both groups were administered the Suśruta Prakṛti Inventory on day 1 to understand individual body constitution. A Comprehensive Headache-related Quality of life Questionnaire (CHQQ) and Visual analogue scale (VAS) were administered on day 1 and day 90 of the study. The symptom checklist, migraine disability assessment score, perceived stress, heart rate variability and surface electromyography of Frontalis muscle were measured on Day 1, Day 30 and Day 90 in both groups. Data were analysed using Repeated Measures of ANOVA followed by a post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction. Results: Out of the 60 subjects belonging to both groups, 46 (76.6%) had Pitta based Prakṛti either as pravara (primary) or as madhyama (secondary)). Following 90 days of intervention the AY group showed significant reduction in the migraine related symptoms viz., number of attacks, duration of each attack, associated with nausea and vomiting, severity of headache and analgesic requirements. The pain intensity reduced significantly (p<.001). There was a significant reduction in migraine disability and perceived stress scores were seen in AY group (P<.001). The low-frequency component of the heart rate variability decreased significantly, the high-frequency component increased and their ratio showed improved sympatho-vagal balance. The root mean square of the electromyography signal and integral electromyography of the frontalis muscle decreased in the AY group compared to the control group. There was a significant improvement in the total score of headache related Quality of Life (p<.001). Conclusion: An Integrated Yoga therapy and Ayurveda based intervention reduces symptoms, intensity of pain, migraine related disability and perceived stress. It also reduces the sympathetic arousal and muscle tension therefore improving the quality of life in migraine patients.Item EFFECT OF YOGA ON AMBULATORY GLUCOSE PROFILE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS(S-VYASA, 2019-01) Venugopal, V.; Mavathur, Ramesh; Sharma, Manjunath N KManagement of diabetes and its complications are laying a huge burden in the economy of developing nations like India, with the annual expenditure for the management of diabetes accounting to US$ 727 billion, of which major portion is spent on the direct and indirect costs related to the ‘complications’ of diabetes. There is growing interest in alternative and holistic model of care which is evidence-based. Yoga is a mind/body practise which is increasingly used in the management of many modern non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including type 2 diabetes and its complications. Glycemic variability is an emerging target for diabetes management, along with HbA1C and plasma glucose levels. Glycemic variability is known to induce excessive oxidative stress and is an independent risk factor for the complications of diabetes and increased risk of mortality. AIM AND OBJECTIVES To study the effect of yoga on glycemic variability and mean daily glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison to the active control group (walking). The objectives were to study the effect of (i) Intraday variability (ii) Interday variability and (iii) mean daily glucose levels. METHODS Participants A total of 60 participants with diagnosed type 2 diabetes with HbA1C between 7% - 8.5% were recruited for the study from a private diabetes specialty hospital in Chennai.Design Participants were randomly assigned either to the intervention group or the active control group of walking using a computer generated block randomisation, with six participants per block. Allocation concealment was carried out using sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelope (SNOSE), maintained by a person who was not directly involved in the project. Assessments Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was carried out using flash glucose monitoring system, Freestyle Libre Pro (Abbott Diabetes Care Ltd., Oxon, UK), applied on the non-dominant backside upper arm of the participants, which measures glucose levels every 15 minutes for a period of 14 days continuously. Of which, the first 7 days were utilised for establishing baseline in the glycemic variability, while in the following 7 days, the participants underwent either yoga sessions or the control sessions. Data was extracted using the EasyGV software to calculate various measures of glycemic variability. Intervention During the experimental yoga sessions, a validated yoga module was taught for duration of one hour including breathing practices, relaxation, asanas, pranayama and meditation. Control group went for walking for a similar duration of one hour everyday as well. Log book was maintained to know the adherence rate. Data Analysis Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)- version 24.0. Earlier glycemic variability was calculated using the EasyGV sotware (version 9.0) (www.phc.ox.ac.uk). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Of the 60 participants included in the study, 57 participants completed the study, with three drop outs. After seven days of intervention, the mean daily glucose levels reduced by 23.99 mg/dL (p<0.001) when compared to 8.69 mg/dL (p<0.05) in the control group, with statistically insignificant difference between groups (p>0.05). However, glycemic variability between groups was statistically significant in the measures of intraday glycaemic variability, inter-day glycemic variability and also overall glycemic variability. CONCLUSION Glycemic variability strongly correlates with β-cell dysfunction and yoga thus might be helpful in better management of in β-cell dysfunction T2DM. The need for an effective and cost-efficient treatment strategy in the secondary prevention of T2DM is increasing. Future implications of yoga in the management of T2DM and preventing complications of T2DM are very promising, with lesser risk of hypoglycaemia and glycemic variability.