Impulsivity in diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM), is a group of metabolic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. 1.1 Prevalence of Diabetes: In the world, in 2010, 285 million people had diabetes as per the estimation, with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. In 2013, according to International Diabetes Federation, an estimated 381 million people had diabetes. Its prevalence is increasing rapidly, and by 2030, this number is estimated to almost double. Diabetes mellitus occurs throughout the world, but is more common (especially type 2) in the more developed countries. The greatest increase in prevalence is, however, expected to occur in Asia and Africa, The increase in incidence in developing countries follows the trend of urbanization and lifestyle changes, perhaps most importantly a "Western-style" diet. According to international diabetic foundation, India is a leading country in the prevalence of diabetes in the world. It is estimated the more than 62 million Indians which is more than 7.1% of India's Adult Population. An estimate shows that nearly 1 million Indians die due to Diabetes every year. The average age on onset is 42.5 years.5 The high incidence is attributed to a combination of genetic susceptibility plus adoption of a high-calorie, lowactivity lifestyle by India's growing middle class. Additionally, a study by the American Diabetes Association reports that India will see the greatest increase in people diagnosed with diabetes by 2030. 1.2 Psychological aspects of living with DM There is strong relation of psychological aspects with DM 9. This correlation is bidirectional and implications of the everyday management of diabetes can also have an impact on a person’s psychological wellbeing.9 At some point of their lifetime diabetic people have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder and there is coping difficulties, due to the daily stress of living with the disease. Recently it is reported that many chronic disorders are strongly associated with psychological conditions like shock, anxiety, depression , guilt, stress, mood swings etc. This affects cognition, personal and social relation. Being a chronic disease diabetes is characterized by many psychological issues and the effects of stress on its control The cause of these psychological issues could be because of implication of diabetic management, poor quality of life, diabetic complications, uncontrolled sugar levels, comorbidities, and stress induced by disease itself. It is reported that anxiety is and emotional distress are the most common psychological issues in diabetes. Emotional barriers as a role in affecting the psychological aspect with Diabetes. It was reported that the prevalence of psychiatric diseases is more common in diabetes than healthy population. Other psychological conditions which are frequently observed in diabetes are Mood disorder, Bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment like poor memory, attention deficit, problems of perception etc. It also indicates that among the DM there is possibility of Risk Factors for Poor Cognitive Performance Hence, The Psychosocial problems appear to be common among diabetic patients worldwide. Addressing these problems may improve diabetes outcomes. The implications of a diagnosis of diabetes on the person and their family are immense.