Effects of Bhagavad Gita shloka chanting on autonomic and cognitive functions in college students

Abstract

Background: Bhagavad Gita chanting is a traditional yogic practice involving rhythmic recitation, controlled breathing, focused attention, and memorization. Previous studies on mantra chanting have demonstrated beneficial effects on autonomic regulation, cognitive abilities, and emotional well-being through modulation of the autonomic nervous system and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Bhagavad Gita shlokas are traditionally believed to enhance mental clarity, concentration, and inner stability. However, limited scientific evidence exists regarding the effects of structured Bhagavad Gita shloka chanting and memorization on autonomic functions, cognitive abilities, and anxiety among young adults.

Aim: To explore the effect of chanting and memorizing the Bhagavad Gita Shlokas on autonomic and cognitive functions (Attention and Mindfulness) in college students.

Objective: 1. To explore the effect of an 8-week Bhagavad Gita shloka chanting on autonomic nervous system functioning using HRV as a biomarker. 2. To explore the effect of an 8-week Bhagavad Gita shloka chanting on cognitive abilities such as attention and mindfulness. 3. To assess changes in anxiety levels before and after the 8-week of Bhagavad Gita shloka chanting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants: A total of 30 college-going students of the age group 18-25 years were recruited based on convenience sampling (Voluntary Participation).

Design: Participants who expressed interest in the study were first screened using the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty eligible participants were selected, after which written informed consent was obtained prior to participation.

Assessments: Baseline assessments included Heart Rate Variability parameters such as RMSSD, SDNN, HF, LF, and LF/HF ratio, along with cognitive and psychological assessments using the Six Letter Cancellation Task (SLCT), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y-2 (STAI-Y2). Post-intervention assessments were conducted following completion of the intervention.

Intervention: The intervention consisted of chanting and memorizing 20 shlokas from the Bhakti Yoga chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, divided into four padas for systematic learning, practiced for 30 minutes daily, 6 days a week, for 8 weeks, with the first 20 days focused on learning along with chanting and the remaining period dedicated to revision and memorization.

Results: Statistically significant changes were observed in cognitive assessments, including mindfulness and attention, as well as in HRV parameters such as SDNN, LF, and LF/HF ratio following the intervention. However, RMSSD, HF, and anxiety scores did not show significant changes.

Conclusion: The findings support chanting as a simple and effective mind–body intervention; however, further studies with larger sample sizes, longer intervention duration, and controlled designs are required to validate and generalize these results.