G.Yoga Theses PhD.
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://192.168.0.109:4000/handle/123456789/11
Yoga Theses by Yoga PhD Students at SVYASA. These pages present some efforts at Scientific Validation of Yoga. You may receive full text of available yoga research papers
News
Yoga Theses by PhD Students
Browse
3 results
Search Results
Item Effect of yoga based lifestyle modification in pre-diabetes(SVYASA, 2022-05-13) AMIT SANTOSH MISHRA; Padmini Tekur; Hongasandra R. Nagendravi ABSTRACT BACKGROUND T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare spending. Prediabetes is a pre-stage risk factor for the development of T2DM. yoga is a mind-body medicine shown to have several health benefits. There is a lack of evidence for the efficacy of yoga in improving Prediabetes and reducing diabetes incidence. Hence the effect of yoga base Lifestyle (YBL) in prediabetes study is imperative. Stress plays an essential role in the manifestation of several chronic conditions such as Diabetes. Stress-related factors such as stressful workplace or traumatic life events and mental health problems underlie the development of Diabetes. In the present study, we study the association between stress and "prediabetes," the precursor and preventable stage of Diabetes, which needs attention. yoga is an ancient skill set that could aid in attaining optimal physical and mental health and aid in the prevention and combating of several lifestyle disorders and diseases. The study was to understand the perception of people in all zones of India about yoga (not only Äasana or Präëayam) and knowledge-practice of yoga We hypothesized stress as one of the reasons for the progression of people with Prediabetes into T2DM. The present study report on associations between perceived stress and blood glucose markers stratified by T2DM status. The nationwide survey was to understand the benefits and barriers encountered by the community members to accept yoga into the workplace and routine practice. Even though vii yoga helps prevent obesity, Diabetes, and hypertension, not practiced universally. This study explores motivators and barriers to practice by estimating how these elements can help develop and incorporate yoga as a workplace activity and profession. AIMS & OBJECTIVES Aims ▪ To study the effect of yoga-based Lifestyle Modification in Prediabetes. ▪ To study the effect of yoga-based Lifestyle Modification of stress on prediabetes, Diabetes ▪ To reduce and control the growing curve of Diabetes in India Objective ▪ Trial to test the potency of yoga-based lifestyle intervention on prediabetes risk reduction in a large community setting. METHODS A national-level survey was part of a study conducted in rural and urban areas in all zones of India, screening 2,40,000 population in 60 districts selected randomly in all states. Participants (age 20-70 years) were individuals with prediabetes A1C (range, 5.7–6.4%) and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) ≥ 60. The intervention included practicing yoga-based lifestyle modification protocol (YBL) for nine consecutive days, followed by daily home and weekly supervised practices for three months. Standard care advice was for the control cluster for diabetes prevention. Participants The study's first phase included a survey across all the identified regions (Urban and rural). The participants with consent are recruit to the study. This phase included 1,62,330 participants to recruit for the NMB program with a three-page item questionnaire. viii Design In this nationwide sampling survey, Phase one was to estimate the Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes. Phase two was to assess the efficacy of the structured intervention to prevent the progression of Prediabetes to Diabetes. Assessment 1. Demography (Semi-structured schedule), 2. Anthropometrics 3. Biochemical Blood Test. Intervention yoga group: The intervention group received the specially prepared standardized yoga based lifestyle change protocol and standard T2DM management education for three months. YVDM (yoga Volunteer Trained for T2DM Protocol) trained participants for a 9-day camp (2 h daily) activity. Followed by daily (individual or group) practice using DVDs and included 2-h weekly YVDM-supervised follow-up classes. Standard care advice was for the control cluster for diabetes prevention. Sample size calculated 5320 in Intervention and Control Group. Total 10,640 for two groups. RESULTS In the YBL Group, the conversion rate from Prediabetes to normoglycemia (52.80% in intervention vs. 37.80% in the control group, P = 0.005) over three months. The conversion to normoglycemia after YBL was significantly better in the younger age group (≤4 0 years) than those above 40yrs, with OR=2.20 (95% CI 1.57-3.08) and OR=1.02 (95% CI 0.82- 1.26), respectively). In the study, conversion to normoglycemia was found to be equally effective in both genders. ix Significant reduction in FBS 12.33%, PPBS14.08%, Triglyceride>200 35% reduction, HDL<45 19.46% increase, stress 7.3% reduction. The association between perceived stress scores (PSS) was tested in a large-scale population of 16,368 individuals with Prediabetes and T2DM, aged 47.8 ± 12.5 years. Individuals were recruited from different geographical zones of India under the National Multicentric Diabetes Control Program. Results reported that individuals with Prediabetes had higher perceived stress and depression, may indicate the relevant role of stress underlying the progression towards Diabetes. Interestingly, people with Prediabetes had significantly higher depression scores (patient health questionnaire-9 scores) 6.9 vs. 6.1 than people with T2DM. This draws to the relevance of stress management approaches, including mind-body interventions and yoga, may affect the progression of T2DM.Respondent’s survey revealed that 11.8% practice yoga, the north zone has the highest [4,567/112,735], and the east zone has the lowest [971/112,735]. Out of 101,643 respondents, 94,135 believed that yoga improved their lifestyle (92.6%), and 90,102/98,518(91.4%) believed that yoga prevented T2DM, revealing an immense knowledge–practice gap. General acceptability with knowledge–practice yoga gap has a scope of integration with modern medicine to change conventional healthcare. A standard validated questionnaire perceived stress scale (PSS-10) was used in individuals with Prediabetes (n=649) and T2DM (n=485) and then segregated them into three categories (minimum, moderate, and severe stress levels). Blood glucose markers (Fasting Blood Glucose - FBS, Postprandial Blood Glucose- PPBS, and Glycolate Hemoglobin- HbA1c) were evaluated to report their association with the PSS-10. The study revealed a significantly higher HbA1c level in people with Prediabetes, who had higher perceived stress than other categories. T2DM who had high FBS levels had severe perceived stress. x In the yoga intervention group in the nationwide multi-centered prospective randomized control study, questionnaires for barriers and benefits of yoga practice were asked. Most Participants perceived yoga as a tool to improve physical fitness, relax mind and body, and enhance stamina in all age groups. Barriers reported were urban /rural Lifestyle, Family commitments, Physical exertion. Other reasons across the country came as No Encouragement of family, Occupational commitments, and few places to do yoga. Conclusion The substantial influence of the yoga-based lifestyle intervention was observed against Prediabetes risk reduction on Indian Population. This change was significantly better in the younger age group of less than 40 years. Prediabetes had higher perceived stress and depression, this draws to the relevance of stress management approaches, including mind body interventions and yoga, which may affect the progression of T2DM with integration with modern medicine to change conventional healthcare. People believe in yoga in India, but People Practicing yoga is far less. The reason for barrier in urban and rural yoga Practice is urban /rural Lifestyle, Family commitments, Occupational Commitments, few Place to practice yoga. Tackling barriers and improving yoga based Lifestyle participation would be an effective strategy to combat the epidemic of diabetes from both preventative and treatment perspectives. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus T2DM, Prediabetes, yoga, Stress, Depression, yoga based Lifestyle.Item Effect of Integrated Approach of Yoga therapy on Adolescent obesity (11 to 17 Years age group) - A randomised control study(SVYASA, 2021-01) Sunanda S. Rathi; Padmini Tekur; Nagendra H. R.BACKGROUND: Obesity in adolescents is a worldwide epidemic. Obesity is known to cause heart disease, diabetes, cancer and stroke, the top 4 causes of death. Overeating energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and a sedentary lifestyle have led to an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes all over the world. It is a global health problem. Apart from physical problems there are psychological issues which affect the health of the individual. Obesity can be described as a “New World Syndrome” causing an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden in developed, developing and in poor countries of the world. Yoga intervention module specially designed is known to reduce obesity & enhance psychological wellbeing. AIMS: To study the physiological, anthropometric and psychological changes of yoga practices of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy, IAYT in overweight and obese adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of IAYT on adolescent obesity. (11 to 17 years age group) with the help of : Anthropometric assessments Physiological assessments Bio chemical markers ( Pilot study ) Psychological assessments Cognitive assessments METHODS: Design: Randomised control trial Setting: Schools in Pune, Maharashtra, India Study one: Pilot study and study two: Main study. Intervention: The intervention was (4 weeks for pilot study & 5 weeks for Main Study) Yoga program (module specially designed for obesity and validated by yoga experts) 5 days a week comprising of breathing practices, loosening exercises, asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breathing practices), meditation, devotional sessions and counseling on concepts of philosophy of yoga like yogic counseling and happiness analysis. The control group was following normal activities like reading, singing, painting, craft, indoor games like chess etc. for 5 days a week for 60 minutes and also had dedicated and interactive sessions on lifestyle change. Both the groups were matched for time on intervention and attention. In Study one (pilot study) 23 adolescents with obesity who consented were randomly assigned to receive yoga or normal activities if they satisfied the selection criteria, 14 in the Yoga group & 9 in the Control group. There were no drop outs as it was a residential program. In study two (main study), 100 adolescents with obesity who were eligible, 53 subjects who consented were randomly assigned to receive yoga or normal activities as per the selection criteria., 25 in the yoga group & 28 in the control satisfied the selection criteria . Outcome Measures: For study one (Pilot): The assessments were -- Socio demographic data Age Gender Educational standard Anthropometric Assessments: Mid arm, waist, abdominal and hip circumference were obtained using a simple centimetre measuring tape Systolic and diastolic pressure (mm of Hg) were obtained using sphygmomanometer Physiological & Bio Chemical Assessments Fasting blood sugar (FBS) Lipid profile- total cholesterol (mmol/l) , SR HDL., SR LDL, SR VLDL Triglycerides (mmol/l) HDL/ LDL ratio obtained through a lab test on blood sample by a lab technician. Clinical Assessments Blood pressure Pulse rate Weight (kg) Height (cm) Outcome measures: for study 2(main): The assessments were -- Socio demographic data Age Gender Educational standard Anthropometric Assessments: Mid arm, waist, abdominal and hip circumference were obtained using a simple centimetre measuring tape Body composition using Melton body composition instrument Systolic and diastolic pressure (mm of Hg) were obtained using sphygmomanometer Clinical Assessments Blood pressure Pulse rate Weight (kg) Height (cm) Physical Fitness Test: Sit ups in standing position Flamingo balance test BMI Parameters: Body composition using Melton body composition Total body fat percentage Resting metabolism Subcutaneous fat ( whole body ) Muscle percentage ( whole body ) Subcutaneous fat ( arms ) Muscle percentage (arms ) Subcutaneous fat ( trunk ) Muscle percentage ( trunk ) Subcutaneous fat ( legs ) Muscle percentage (legs ) Psychological tests Body awareness questionnaire ( BAQ ) Child eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ) Rosenberg self - esteem scale ( RSES ) Cognitive tests Digit letter substitution test Six letter cancellation Test Assessments were conducted on Pre (baseline) Post (after 4 weeks for Study one-Pilot & after 5 weeks for Study two-main) intervention. Data collection was done and the qualified staff were available to provide unbiased guidance. All forms were thoroughly screened for completeness of responses. Results were analysed using SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: Study one: In the yoga group there is significant reduction in weight ( p = 0.000), diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.018 ), fasting blood sugar ( p = 0.059 ), very low density lipoprotein( p = 0.001), serum triglycerides ( p = 0.001 ), BMI (p = 0.00), pulse rate (p = 0.03), hip circumference (p = 0.01), serum total cholesterol (p = 0.035) after intervention. There issignificant increase in mid-arm circumference (p = 0.01). There is non-significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.08), waist circumference (p = 0.45) & high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.75). In the control group: There is significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.15), serum triglycerides (p = 0.009) & very low- density lipoprotein (p = 0.009). There is reduction in weight ( p = 0.634), BMI ( p = 0.616 ), systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.152 ) , diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.055 ), waist circumference (p = 621), fasting blood sugar (p = 0.851), serum total cholesterol ( p = 0.260 ) & low- density lipoprotein ( p = 0.749 ) but without significance. There is significant increase in mid arm circumference (p = 0.015). There is reduction in pulse rate (p = 0.223) & hip circumference (p = 0.916) but without significance. Between yoga group & control group analysis: Percentage of improvement (reduction) of weight & serum cholesterol, waist circumference, hip circumference, serum cholesterol, low- density lipoprotein, high- density lipoprotein is more in yoga group than that of control group. Percentage of improvement (reduction) of serum triglycerides & very low -density lipoprotein were more in control group than that of yoga group. Study two: Main study: In the yoga group, hip circumference (p = 0.001), total body fat percentage (p = 0.001), trunk subcutaneous fat (p = 0.005) and legs subcutaneous fat (p = 0.03) reduced significantly whereas abdominal circumference (p =0.376) reduced but without significance. Trunk muscle percentage (p = 0.021) increased significantly. Waist circumference (p= 0.553) increased but without significance. Whole body muscle percentage (p = 0.076) and legs muscle percentage (p = 0.187) increased but without significance. Number of sit ups per minute (p = 0.566) decreased but without significance. Weight ( p = 0.018 ), BMI ( p = 0.001 ), whole body subcutaneous fat ( p = 0.01 ), arm subcutaneous fat ( p = 0.021 ) reduced significantly whereas systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.30 ), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.087) and mid arm circumference ( p = 0.474 ) reduced but without significance. Muscle percentage of arms (p = 0.042) increased significantly whereas pulse rate (p = 0.597), Flamingo balance test (p = 0.065) increased but without significance. Results of psychological assessment within group analysis of Yoga group are, BAQ (Body awareness questionnaire). RES (Rosenberg self-esteem scale, assessments of BAQ (p = 0.29) and RES (p = 0.35) increased but without significance. Assessments of CEBQ- (child eating behavior questionnaire)–CEBQ-EF (enjoyment of food)( p = 0.004 ) , CEBQ-EOE (emotional over-eating ), ( p = 0.009) and CEBQ-FR (food responsiveness) ( p = 0.001) decreased with significance . Variables like CEBQ-SR (satiety responsiveness) (p = 0.08), CEBQ-SE (slowness in eating) (p = 0.63), CEBQ-DD DD (desire to drink) (p = 0.64) , CEBQ-FF (food fussiness) ( p = 0.37) and CEBQ-EUE (emotional under-eating) (p = 0.35) decreased but without significance. Cognitive assessments like SLCT (six letter cancellation test) increased with significance (p = 0 .00), DLST (digit letter substitution test) also increased with significance (p = 0.00). In the Control group, Number of sit ups per minute (p = 0.023) decreased significantly whereas abdominal circumference (p = 0.730), hip circumference (p = 0.226), total body fat percentage (p = 0.876), trunk subcutaneous fat (p = 0.186) and legs subcutaneous fat (p = 0.162) reduced but without significance. Waist circumference (p = 0.244), trunk muscle percentage (p = 0.427) and legs muscle percentage (p = 0.270) increased but without significance. Systolic blood pressure (p = 0.009), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) reduced significantly whereas pulse rate (p = 0.435), whole body subcutaneous fat (p = 0.250), arm subcutaneous fat (p = 0. 319) reduced but without significance. Weight (p = 0.100), BMI (p = 0.914), mid arm circumference (p = 0.246), resting metabolism (p = 0.198), whole body muscle percentage (p = 0.290) and Flamingo balance test (p = 0.241) increased but without significance. Results of psychological assessments within group analysis of control group are BAQ (body awareness questionnaire ), assessments BAQ ( p = 0.14) , CEBQ - EOE ( p = 0.08) , CEBQ - SE ( p = 0.09) decreased but without significance . Variables like RES (p = 0.04) and CEBQ - SR (p = 0.03) increased with significance. Variables like CEBQ - EF ( p = 0.04 ) , CEBQ - DD ( p = 0.01), CEBQ - FF ( p = 0.02 ), CEBQ - EUE ( p = 0.01 ) and CEBQ - FR (p = 0.001) decreased with significance. Cognitive assessments, SLCT increased but without significance (p = <0 .0371) & DLST which also increased but without significance (p = 0.607). Analysis of between groups yoga and control shows that abdominal circumference of yoga group decreased significantly than that of control group (p = 0.05). Weight, BMI, mid-arm circumference, hip circumference, total body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat of whole body, arm, trunk and legs has been reduced more in yoga group than that of control group but withoutsignificance. Number of sit ups, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure decreased in control group more than that of yoga group but without significance. Pulse rate is found to be increased in yoga group whereas that of control group is reduced but without significance. Waist circumference is increased more in control group than that of yoga group but without significance. Resting metabolism, muscle percentage of whole body, arm, trunk and legs are increased more in yoga group than that of control group but without significance. Flamingo balance test has been increased more in control group than that of Yoga group but without significance. Analysis of between yoga and control group shows that BAQ of yoga group is increased where as that of control group is increased but without significance (p = 0.07). RES of yoga group has increased where as that of control group is also increased but without significance (p = 0.28). CEBQ –EF of yoga group is decreased where as that of control group is decreased but without significance (p = 0.51). CEBQ –EOE of yoga group is decreased where as that of control group is also decreased but without significance (p = 0.43). CEBQ –SR of yoga group is decreased where as that of control group is increased but with significance (p = 0.007). CEBQ –SE of yoga group is decreased where as that of control group is also decreased but without significance (p = 0.38). CEBQ –DD of yoga group is decreased where as that of control group is also decreased but without significance (p = 0.96). CEBQ –FF of yoga group is decreased where as that of control group is also decreased but without significance (p = 0. 40). CEBQ –EUE of yoga group is decreased where as that of control group is also decreased but without significance (p = 0. 50). CEBQ –FR of yoga group is decreased where as that of control group is also decreased but without significance (p = 0. 30). Analysis of in between Yoga and control group of cognitive assessments shows that DLST of Yoga group is increased than that of Control group but without significance (p = 0.60). SLCT of yoga group is increased than that of control group with significance (p = <0.001). CONCLUSION: The daily practice of IAYT of 60 minutes in school is useful in managing adolescent obesity. Yoga based intervention is effective to reduce obesity in adolescent children with respect to anthropometric, physical, psychological & cognitive assessments. This study provides evidence to prove efficacy of yoga to manage increased subcutaneous adiposity in trunk, hip and leg region resulting in weight reduction in adolescent children. Abdominal circumference is reduced significantly in yoga group. It is effective in management of weight, serumtriglycerides & very low - density lipoprotein, hip circumference & serum cholesterol. Emotional over eating, enjoyment of food, desire to drink, food fussiness, and satiety responsiveness reduced in the yoga group compared to control. The perception of bodily awareness has increased in the Yoga group. In the Yoga group good concentration, memory and attention were reported. Yoga improves emotional wellbeing in children. Yoga had been reported to have shown the beneficial effects on different psycho-physiological variables. Yoga group has improved better than control group with integrated approach of yoga therapy. Key words: Yoga Module, obesity, body mass index, abdominal obesity, subcutaneous fat.Item Effect of Yoga Therapy on Chronic Low Back Pain - A Randomized Control Study(Saraswati Central Library, 2009-11) Padmini TekurBackground and need for the study; Previously, Outpatient Yoga Programs (in two of the earlier RCTs on Yog afor chrnic low back Pain (CLBP), 12 to 16 weeks of intervention) lasting several months have been found to reduce Pain, analgesic requirment and disability, and improve spinal mobility in chronic low back Pain ( CLBP ).