Browsing by Author "Rajesh, S. K."

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    Effect of yoga on Psycho-motor and cognitive function among substance abuser - Randomized active control study
    (S-VYASA, 2018-12) GAIHRE, ANANDA; Rajesh, S. K.
    Background Substance use disorder is a pattern of recurrent use of illicit substances that lead to severe motor, cognitive and psychosocial imbalance. The rehabilitation programs should augment the psycho-motor and cognitive functions to reduce the risks of relapse. Recent studies highlight yoga-based intervention as a promising add-on therapy for the management and preventing addictive behaviors. Aim The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a yoga-based intervention as an add-on in enhancing psycho-motor and cognitive functions, compared with physical exercise to newly admitted substance abusers seeking an inpatient treatment program. Materials and Methods The study was a single, randomized, comparative design that included 96 male participants, between 18 and 40 years in a residential rehabilitation treatment unit. Partakers in the yoga or physical exercise group received supervised daily training for 12 weeks, in addition to standard rehabilitation treatment. Raters blind to the study assessed the patients on the Finger Tapping Task, O‟Connor Tweezer Dexterity Test, Automatic Mirror Tracer, Digit span task, Cancellation test, Stroop tests, Self-control, Anxiety, Depression, Sleep and Mindfulness at the baseline and following 12 weeks of intervention. Group difference was calculated by chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney test or Student t test. While paired sample t-test was used to determine with-in group change. Results A significant enhancement in digit forward (yoga – p < 0.0005, d = 0.81; exercise – p < 0.0005, d = 0.73), digit backward (yoga – p < 0.0005, d = 0.88; exercise – p < 0.0005, d = 0.58), and letter cancellation test scores (yoga – p < 0.0005, d = 1.31; exercise – p < 0.0005, d = 1.4) were observed in both the yoga and the exercise groups. Stroop word and color task scores were seen significantly higher following yoga (p < 0.005, d = 0.74; p < 0.005, d = 1.13) and exercise (p < 0.0005, d = 0.62; p < 0.0005, d = 0.61). Furthermore, Stroop color-word test showed significant enhancement after yoga (p < 0.0005, d = 1.10) and exercise (p < 0.0005, d = 0.42), with degree of variation higher in the yoga group. In motor function there is significant enhancement in tapping speeds was observed in both the yoga and the exercise group at 0-10 seconds (TSI) and 10-20 seconds (TS2), but not statistically significant at 20-30 seconds (TS3). The results from the tweezer dexterity were significantly better following yoga (p< 0.001, d = 0.99) and exercise (p< 0.001, d = 0.82). Furthermore, a significant reduction was seen in Mirror tracing time after yoga (p< 0.034, d = 0.39) and exercise (p< 0.006, d = 0.53), with differences high in the exercise group. Statistically significant median decrease in mirror error score observed in yoga, z = -1.991, p = .046, but not in physical exercise z = -1.590, p = .112. In psychological variable there was significant enhancement in selfcontrol was observed in both the yoga (p < 0.033, d=0.33) and the exercise group (p < 0.038, d=0.32). Post yoga intervention shown statistically significant differences in mindfulness in yoga (p < 0.017, d=0.37), whereas in the exercise group, did not find significant differences in mindfulness (p< 0.169, d=0.21). The results from the depression and anxiety were significantly less post compared with their respective prescores following yoga (p <0.044, d=0.31; p <0.025, d=0.35) and exercise (p < 0.032, d=0.34. p < 0.039, d=0.32.). Furthermore, significant reduction was seen in sleep disturbance after yoga (p < 0.001, d=0.52) and exercise (p < 0.001, d=0.78). Conclusion Our results suggest that the add-on yoga or exercise-based intervention show enhancement of cognitive functions. Further, findings provide the utility of yoga and exercise-based intervention in improving motor functions among substance abusers. Furthermore, our results suggest that the add-on yoga and physical exercise shown effective in psychological well beings among substance abusers. Comprehensive trials are needed to understand the potential long-term effects on rehabilitation and relapse prevention.
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    Effect of yoga on Psycho-Physical functioning of nursing students - Randomized wait-list controlled study
    (S-VYASA, 2018) Mathad, Monali D.; Pradhan, Balaram; Rajesh, S. K.
    INTRODUCTION Nursing students experience considerable amount of stress to meet their professional demands both academic and clinical requirements. However, yoga is an effective practice to reduce stress and improve psychological and physical well-being. AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week yoga intervention on psycho-physical functioning of nursing students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized wait-list control trial. We recruited 100 students from Kempegowda Institute of Nursing, Bangalore and randomized them into two groups (yoga=50 and wait-list control=50 students). The following instruments were used to collect the data, Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), Self-Compassion Scale- short form (SCS-SF), Connor– Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Jefferson Scale of Empathy HPS-Version (JSE-HPS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Sit and Reach Test, Peak Flow Meter, Handgrip Dynamometer, Pinch Gauge and Purdue Pegboard. Data was analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA) followed by post-hoc Bonferroni correction for all the variables. RESULTS Our study findings have revealed that an 8-week yoga intervention significantly improved mindfulness (p=.005), self-compassion (p=.016), low back and hamstring flexibility (p<.001), pinch strength chunk (p=.013), and pulp (p=.024) among nursing students in the yoga group than compared to the wait-list control (WLC) group. Also, there was a significant improvement in peak expiratory flow rate (p<.001) in both the groups. And, in hand dexterity sub-scales there were significant improvements; right hand both the groups (p=.006), left hand yoga group (p=.006), WLC group (p=.001), and in assembly test yoga group (p=.009) and the WLC group (p=.027) respectively. Even though, our results were non-significant the following improvements were witnessed among participants of the yoga group in contrast to the WLC group. There were improvements in resilience and perceived stress in the yoga group but not in WLC group. However, there were improvements in satisfaction with life and pinch strength (lateral) among both the groups though results were non-significant. Contrary to our expectation, decrease in empathy was reported in both the groups, but significant decrease in empathy (p=.049) was noticed in the WLC group. Likewise, there was a significant decrease in left handgrip strength (p<.001) in the WLC group and non-significant results in the yoga group for both hands. CONCLUSION Overall, the present study has demonstrated mixed results. Though we could not elucidate significant improvements in all the variables, increase in mindfulness, self-compassion, low back and hamstring flexibility, and pinch strength are worth noting. This improvement in psycho-physical functioning aid nursing students to meet demands of the profession. Hence, yoga intervention can be recommended in the nursing education.