Browsing by Author "Dr. Jincy Sundaran"

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    DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND FEASIBILITY OF A THERAPEUTIC YOGA MODULE FOR CHILDREN (6–12 YEARS) WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
    (S-VYASA, 2026-08-19) Poornima L.; Dr. Jincy Sundaran; Dr. Sharad Shivajirao Chaudhari
    Background: ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which have a profound effect on academic achievement, social relations, and overall quality of life. Yoga and other complementary therapies have shown promise in improving attention, behavioural regulation, emotional control, and overall well-being, along with standard medical care. However, a standardised and scientifically validated yoga module specifically for children with ADHD is limited. Aim: To develop, validate, and assess the feasibility of a Yoga module for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Objectives: To develop and validate a yoga module for children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: Extensive review of classical yogic literature, contemporary research evidence and consultation with experts in yoga therapy, psychiatry and medicine were used to prepare a yoga module. The preliminary module was reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel of 30 experts using Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR) method. Practices were rated as “Essential,” “Useful but Not Essential,” or “Not Essential.” The CVR values were calculated per practice and the yoga module was finalised by incorporating expert recommendations. Results: A total of 30 experts participated in the validation process. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) values varied between 0.333 and 1.000 indicating satisfactory to excellent agreement among the experts. There was unanimous agreement for the inclusion of Shashankasana and Bhramari Pranayama (CVR = 1.000) which is the highest value for CVR. High CVR values were also seen for Vajrasana (0.867), Pawanamuktasana (0.867), Nadi Shodhana (0.800), Nadanusandhana-U (0.800), Vrikshasana (0.733), Shavasana (0.733), Yoga Nidra (0.733) and Nadanusandhana-M (0.733). All proposed practices attained acceptable content validity and were retained in the final yoga module; The final module consists of loosening exercises, asanas in standing, sitting, prone and supine postures, relaxation techniques, pranayama and meditation as a structured intervention for children with ADHD. Conclusion: It is concluded that a structured yoga module was developed and content validated successfully for children with ADHD. The high level of agreement among experts confirms the scientific relevance, safety and therapeutic suitability of the selected yoga practices. The validated module provides a standardised protocol for subsequent clinical use and is the basis for the feasibility phase of the approved research protocol. Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, Yoga Therapy, Content Validation, Content Validity Ratio, Lawshe Method, Yoga Module, Paediatric Yoga.