Browsing by Author "AMIT KUMAR SINGH"

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    CHANGES IN PREFRONTAL OXYGENATION, CARDIAC ACTIVITY AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS FOLLOWING MIND SOUND RESONANCE TECHNIQUE
    (S-VYASA, 2026) SUSHANTA KUMAR MOHANTY; AMIT KUMAR SINGH; DEEPESHWAR SINGH
    BACKGROUND Mind is a conglomeration of thoughts that are manifest and unmanifest either in a conscious state or subconscious state. Repetitive thought patterns are a reaction to mental and breathing imbalances, which leads to psychological and emotional imbalances as well as physical disturbances such as abnormalities in heart rate, brain oxygenation, and cognition, as well as the emergence of numerous diseases. The main principles of cognition include executive functions, memory, attention, and thought processes. Cognitive disruption affects memory, focus, and attention. College student exhibit increased aggression due to academic stress, competition, time management, and financial concerns, which impact their psychological, physiological, and cognitive functions. Over the previous decade, college students have shown increased psychological distress, sadness, and anxiety. A poll of Australian tertiary students revealed that 65% experienced severe or very high psychological anguish, while 35.4% contemplated self-harm or suicide. In a sample of university students in Turkey, 27.1% exhibited depression, 47.1% experienced anxiety, and 27% reported stress. Furthermore, 30% of Canadian undergraduate students exhibited psychological difficulties, while 41.9% of Malaysian medical students were identified with emotional illnesses. Depression, anxiety, and stress were more prevalent in Asian countries than in other nations. Research in India indicated that medical students experienced elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress at rates of 51.3%, 66.9%, and 53%, respectively. Research indicates that stressors that college students encounter may serve as indicators of mental health diagnoses. Poor mental health can result in a variety of adverse effects, such as communal separation, difficulty concentrating in the classroom, regular attendance, assignment completion, and overall well-being. This can result in squandered opportunities and, ultimately, a diminished sense of self-worth. Moreover, other risk factors for cognitive impairment in individuals with poor mental health were found, including hypertension and depression. Neuroimaging research indicates that compromised mental health correlates with irregularities in both functional and structural connections of the brain, resulting in cognitive impairment. Research indicates that, even in the initial phases of cognitive loss, distinct abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation parameters were seen. Research on heart rate variability has demonstrated that mental health correlates with irregularities in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Working memory, a cognitive capacity that allows for the active retention and manipulation of information, is a fundamental component of the human memory system and is associated with other cognitive abilities, including attention, executive function, verbal memory, and information processing speed. In addition to pharmaceuticals, non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, yoga, computer-based training, nutrition, brain stimulation, sleep, and music are increasingly significant in addressing cognitive deficiencies. Meditation has emerged as a prominent non-pharmacological method, earning global recognition as a form of complementary and alternative medicine, with its therapeutic advantages being investigated across diverse clinical situations. The Mind Sound Resonance Technique (MSRT) is a sound-based meditation method that employs mantras to create resonance, facilitating profound relaxation for both the mind and body. The Mind Sound Resonance Technique (MSRT) has demonstrated a beneficial impact on all facets of mental and physical health. Furthermore, it has been shown to lower blood pressure, heart rate, tension, anxiety, and depression, while simultaneously improving self esteem in both clinical and non-clinical groups. Research indicates that MSRT reduces state anxiety, enhances psychomotor performance, and elevates cognitive capabilities, including sustained attention and information processing speed. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the correlation between prefrontal oxygenation, psychophysiological alterations, and mental health remains inadequately investigated. The current study is to assess the effects of a one-month MSRT practice on prefrontal oxygenation, heart rate variability, cognitive function, and its association with mental health in college students. This research aims to address the gap by investigating how prefrontal oxygenation and psychophysiological alterations generated by MSRT can enhance overall mental well-being. We posited that one month of MSRT practice could enhance prefrontal oxygenation, heart rate variability, cognitive function, and mental well-being. .
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    EFFICACY OF INTEGRATED YOGA AS AN EFFECTIVE NON-INVASIVE THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ADULTS – A TELE-YOGA PROGRAM
    (S-VYASA, 2026) SAVITHRI NILKANTHAM; AMIT KUMAR SINGH; VIJAYA MAJUMDHAR
    Background: Thyroid dysfunction significantly impacts quality of life, with hypothyroidism recognized as a major public health concern due to its physical and psychological effects. It results from reduced secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), hormones essential for regulating metabolic and physiological functions. Conventional management with levothyroxine (LT4) effectively restores hormone levels but may not fully address quality-of-life impairments or long-term side effects. Complementary approaches such as yoga, Ayurveda, and meditation have shown promise in improving endocrine function via neuroendocrine modulation. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a Scientific Yoga Module (SYM), delivered through telehealth, as an adjunct to LT4 therapy in the management of hypothyroidism. Methods: A two-phase study was conducted. In Phase I, a tele-yoga SYM was developed from classical and modern literature targeting the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis. Expert validation using Lawshe’s CVR method (cut-off 0.29) finalized 24 of 31 practices for digital delivery, which were found feasible and safe in community testing. In Phase II, a single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted over six months (April–September 2022) with 134 clinically diagnosed hypothyroid patients. Participants were randomized into a Yoga Intervention Group (YIG) and Waitlist Control Group (WCG). Primary outcome was Quality of Life (SF-36 HRQoL), and secondary outcomes included thyroid profile, BMI, blood pressure, perceived stress, fatigue, and personality measures. Data were analyzed using GLM with repeated measures ANOVA. Results: YIG showed highly significant improvements across all SF-36 domains (P<.001), especially in mental health, vitality, and emotional role functioning (ŋ² = 0.85–0.88). Secondary measures also improved significantly (P<.05). YPA scores and participant satisfaction were high (95.05%). Conclusion: Tele-yoga SYM as an adjunct to LT4 therapy significantly enhanced physiological and psychological outcomes, establishing its efficacy as a scalable, patient-centered eHealth approach for hypothyroidism management. Keywords – Hypothyroidism, Tele-yoga, digital health, Scientific Yoga Module (SYM), Health Related-Quality of Life (HRQoL), Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India (https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials) CTRI/2022/03/041047.
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    EFFICACY OF THREE-MONTH YOGA INTERVENTION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES - A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
    (S-VYASA, 2026) SONU MAURYA; SUCHITRA S PATIL; AMIT KUMAR SINGH
    BACKGROUND The chronic autoimmune disease known as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is brought on by the death of the pancreatic β cells that produce insulin, which results in insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia. Although it can occur at any age, children and adolescents are most likely to experience it. T1DM, which has increased over the past 25 years, affects about 10% of all diabetics globally. In 2021, 8.4 million persons worldwide were forecast to have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM); by 2040, that number is expected to rise to 13.5–17.4 million. The 10th edition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reports that the number of children and adolescents worldwide who have type 1 diabetes is on the rise. The rising prevalence of Type 1 diabetes will also lead to other comorbidities (Zaharia et al., 2022), which are associated with a socioeconomic burden in developing nations (Andersen et al., 2024), thereby increasing the demand for complementary therapies, such as yoga, which can help manage T1DM and related comorbidities. Also, this rising burden of diabetes globally as well as in India, fuelled by lifestyle factors and stress, increases the demand for therapies like yoga, which aids in the reduction of psychological burden (Nagarathna et al, 2020). T1DM patients who follow strict glycaemic control plans are more likely to experience severe hypoglycaemic episodes, which are typified by the requirement for outside help to restore glucose levels. (Gubitosi et al., 2017). In certain situations, hyperglycemia can cause tissue and organ damage over time. More severe types of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar can also result in stupor and coma. (Alyahyawi et al, 2021). According to interesting research, yoga therapy also improves pro-inflammatory markers such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (Raveendran et al, 2018), C Reactive Protein (CRP) (Kinser et al, 2012), highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) (Saud et al, 2022), and the incretin effect through glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). These findings support the mechanism of action of yoga therapy in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Clinical problems like heart disease have been reported to improve with yoga.Quintão et al, 2015 & Cui et al, 2017) hypertension (Galantino et al, 2008) Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Cui et al, 2017) endocrine disorders (Innes et al, 2016) depression (Jw V et al, 2002) musculoskeletal disorders (Quintão et al, 2015) etc. Studies show the therapeutic benefits of yoga for children as well (Cox et al, 1987). Numerous studies assessed the yoga benefits for the T2DM population (Abdul-Rasoul et al, 2013 & Al-Abdulrazzaq et al, 2022) but due to limited research on adolescents with T1DM, we proposed this study. According to recent research, yoga practice has a positive impact on glycated hemoglobin and the quality of life for teenagers with type 1 diabetes. There is not randomized control research available yet, though. We looked at how yoga interventions affected the quality of life and glycated hemoglobin levels in teenagers with type 1 diabetes. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Aim of the study: To evaluate the impact of a three-month yoga intervention on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and quality of life in teenagers with type 1 diabetes by conducting a randomized controlled trial Objective of the study: By evaluating the effects of yoga on participants with type 1 diabetes's HbA1c, average blood glucose, quality of life, depression, and fear of hypoglycemia in the yoga intervention group and control group, the study sought to assess the benefits of yoga for these individuals. METHOD Study Design: Two steps were taken to conduct the study. Step 1. Development of a yoga module The YM was designed after a comprehensive literature review of ancient literature and modern science, targeting glycemic control and pancreas activation at functional and 41 yogic practices for type 1 diabetes. The recommended practices were then validated by 20 experts from various fields of yoga science, therapy, and research for further review and endorsement. Out of 41 practices, 32 practices were finalized using Lawshe’s formula with a CVR cut-off at 0.4, suitable for the module of teaching. Further, a feasibility test was conducted in a hospital set up by an expert, offline, for six days a week for three months. The study confirmed the feasibility of the yoga module tested through offline about regularity and ease of practice, the efficacy of the Module, and construct satisfaction, and reported no adverse events during feasibility testing. Step 2: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Participants: Conducted a single-blinded, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. We recruited the participants through Ramakrishna Mission Sevashram Charitable Hospital. The screening and recruitment process, as well as the selection, were initiated in December 2021 for a one-month intervention that was scheduled to begin in January 2022 and end in March 2022. The trial was conducted on 92 patients [mean age, 13.35 SD 2.41 years] with clinical type 1 diabetes randomized to either an adjunct yoga intervention or usual care. Intervention: To acquaint them with the module, the yoga intervention group got YM offline in the hospital for three months under the guidance of a skilled yoga therapist. During the trial time, the control group was observed and instructed not to begin a yoga practice routine. Every subject was evaluated twice, namely before and after the trial. Measure: Data were collected for the primary biochemical test of type 1 diabetes [ glycated hemoglobin and Average blood glucose] along with secondary measures of daily insulin requirements, PedsQL-3.0, PedsQL-4.0, Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale, and Fear of Hypoglycemia questionnaire. Statistical analysis: The investigation was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether continuous variables were normal. To illustrate baseline attributes, we employed descriptive statistics with a mean (standard deviation) or number (percentages). Additionally, within-group and between-group comparisons were conducted using parametric or non-parametric tests, depending on the data distribution. A paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test were used to find within-group differences for average and non-normal data, respectively. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney’s test will determine the group differences. Results: Comparing the yoga intervention group to the control group after the intervention, the results show a significant improvement in both major and secondary variables, with statistical significance at P <.001. Conclusion: Among teenagers with type 1 diabetes, the three-month adjuvant yoga intervention was linked to better glycaemic control and quality of life. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes; Yoga; Glycated hemoglobin; hypoglycemia